Understand Financial Concepts Used To Inform Management Decisions

02 Nov 2017

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INTRODUCTION In every business money is require in order to achieve objectives. Financial decision must have been made carefully, and there should have enough money for the project. Financial management is a necessary tool for supporting the organisation’s goals and objectives. Its purpose is to provide information that assists program managers to make the organisation’s ...

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The Role Of Internal Auditor From External Auditor

02 Nov 2017

1 (1 )

Explain the meaning of audit and its nature. (3 marks) Distinguish between accounting and auditing. (5 marks) Discuss the objective of auditing and why auditing is needed. (8 marks) Distinguish the role of internal auditor from ...

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The Types Of Costing Methods

02 Nov 2017

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Financial Accounting Accounting treats money as a meaning of measuring of economic performance instead of a factor of production. Hence, it includes the entire system of monitoring and control of money such as flows in and out of an organization as assets and liabilities add on with revenues and expenses. Thus, financial accounting congregate and summarizes financial data to prepare financial reports such as balance sheet and income statement for organization's management, investors, lenders, suppliers, tax authorities, and other stakeholders. The difference between financial and managerial accounting is that financial accounting is ...

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The Distinguish Between Accounting And Auditing

02 Nov 2017

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           The meaning of audit is a professional audit, involving verification of the company's accounting documents and certificates, in order to respect the impartiality of the company's accounts, the consistency and conform to generally accepted accounting principles. Auditing is the independent investigation of financial information of a company or an organization. It also is an investigation ...

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Unstructured And Unfunded Private Sector Schemes

02 Nov 2017

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INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Nigeria operated an unfunded defined benefits scheme between January 1, 1946 and June 2004. The first public sector pension scheme in Nigeria was the pension ordinance of 1951 with retrospective effect from January 1, 1946. The law provided public servants with both pension and gratuity. This was followed later by ...

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Use Of International Reporting Systems In Global Trade

02 Nov 2017

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Accounting is defined as "the language of finance" (Lasher, 2008). The basis of accounting is financial accountability attained through financial reporting and can be explained as the communication of "financial information useful for making investment, credit, and other business decisions" (Wild, Shaw, & Chiappetta, 2009). Financial reporting includes income statements, cash flow summary, tax and ...

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What Are The Arguments For And Against Regulations

02 Nov 2017

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In the repercussion of the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 and the corporate accounting scandals such as Enron and WorldCom in the U.S., regulators and standard setters have requested for improved corporate transparency and presented significant changes to accounting standards and regulations. The paper investigates two research questions. First, we consider significant arguments on whether ...

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The Users Of Accounting Information

02 Nov 2017

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1.0 Introduction Now days, accounting information has been become an important element and widely use to describe all types of business activity in any business undertaking. Generally accounting is a process of recording, reporting and analysis of financial transactions of an ongoing business. Besides, the person in charge of accounting is known as an accountant. ...

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Value Relevance During A Financial Crisis

02 Nov 2017

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Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Introduction The implementation of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) from all member-countries in Europe in 2005 was, without doubt, one of the most important accounting events of the last decades. At the same time this movement aimed at the use of a common set of high quality standards that would ...

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What Is Good Corporate Governance

02 Nov 2017

1 (1 )

2.1 Introduction The practice of good corporate governance helps to differentiate one organisation from others. Corporate governance has been heavily researched in the past few years and at its most central point it refers to the governance of corporations. The latter has gained momentum as a result of separation of ownership and control as owners/shareholders ...

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The National Insurance Contributions

02 Nov 2017

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Income tax was last introduced by Robert Peel in 1842, again as a temporary tax and remains as such today, and for this reason it has to be re-imposed each year by Parliament via the Finance Act. The main statutory charge provisions for income tax are contained in the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988. ...

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The Local Government Pension Act

02 Nov 2017

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The National Provident Fund (NPF) Scheme established in 1961 was the first legislation enacted to address pension matters of private organizations. In 1993, the National Social Insurance Trust Fund (NSITF) scheme was establish by Decree No. 73 of 1993 to replace the defunct National Provident Fund (NPF) scheme with effect from July 1, 1994 to ...

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The Managing Financial Principles And Technique

02 Nov 2017

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The amount of property or money paid   for a goods or some service. Cost is expenditure for both individual and business property. If a cost is for a business purpose, it may be tax deductible. A cost may be paid straight away in the form of cash or over time in a credit sale or similar transaction. Cost is the opposite of revenue: It may ...

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The Tamil Nadu Newsprint And Papers Limited

02 Nov 2017

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The Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Limited (TNPL) was established by the Government of Tamil Nadu to produce newsprint and writing paper using bagasse, a sugarcane residue. The Government of Tamil Nadu listed the paper mill in April 1979 as one of the most environmentally compliant paper mills in the world under the provisions of the Companies Act of 1956. ...

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The Traditional Absorption Costing

02 Nov 2017

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Introduction 1.1. Traditional Absorption Costing 1.2. Activity Based Costing 1.3. Comparison Relevance of Activity Based Costing in Bahraini Relevance of Activity Based Costing in Taiwan Relevance of Activity Based Costing in Portugal Relevance of Activity Based Costing in Tunisia Conclusion References INTRODUCTION Activity based costing help manager to manage product information and giving them a ...

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The Role Of International Institutions In Financial Reporting

02 Nov 2017

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http://www.cgdev.org/files/2666_image2_international_financial_institutions.jpg Contents International Accounting Standards Board History and Development The IASB, the International Accounting Standards Board, is an independent board, issuing and setting up standards, accounting standards under the umbrella of the IFRS Foundation, the International Financial Reporting Standards Foundation. The IASB has been active since 1973, which at that time, it was called IASC, ...

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The Need For Auditors Independence

02 Nov 2017

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The issue of auditor independence is a crucial element and very important for the audit profession. This concept has been discussed widely and many definitions have been presented in literature. Independence refers to the auditor’s ability to present his opinion about the reliability of financial statements honestly and impartially away from his interest or the ...

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The Recognized Evaluating Methodologies

02 Nov 2017

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It is in fact a difficult job to gather data required by quality evaluation process. However once recognized could be a helping tool to manage costs and get simulated results with almost very low or near to negligible cost increment in monetary terms. Simulated software and dash board concepts could be implemented by using same ...

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The Professional Associations Attempt At Readability

02 Nov 2017

2 (2 )

Most voters know almost nothing about the federal budget: Few can correctly answer basic questions about how much it spends, how and whom it taxes, and how much is spent on different parts of the budget (Suderman, 2012). On average, for example, surveys show that respondents estimate that anywhere from 10 to 25 percent of ...

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Types Of Costing Methods

02 Nov 2017

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Introduction Financial accounts are the records of the financial dealings of the business, their daily transactions. The main role of financial accounting is to record financial transactions such as collecting money from sales, paying suppliers, salaries and wages. Besides that, it may also help the managers to manage the business for more efficiently by preparing ...

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Theoretical Debate On Balance Scorecard

02 Nov 2017

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The first prospective is primarily short-term oriented and financial in nature, while the last three are prominent categories of nonfinancial leading indicators of future financial performance. The central idea behind a balance scorecard-type measurement system is that if the organisation tracks the right set of leading indicators and gives them proper importance weightings, then profits ...

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The Continental Limited Financial Statements

02 Nov 2017

1 (1 )

Executive summary Accountancy encompasses the recording, categorizing and summarizing of transactions and events in a manner. It can help company’s users to review the financial performance and position of entity. It starts by identifying transactions that will affect the financial position and perform of company. After that, they are recorded, classified and summarized to help ...

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The Need For Harmonization

02 Nov 2017

1 (1 )

Introduction This report will provide a brief history and background on the process of harmonization in the European Union with regards to the 2 methods it employed: Directives and IFRS adoption. By providing a basis for which harmonization can be understood and why it is necessary, this report strives to elucidate the successes and failures ...

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The Financial Operation Of A Company

02 Nov 2017

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2.1. Introduction Literature relevant to finance management will be analysed in this chapter. This chapter will move from the emergence of management and its importance to finance management in universities. The literature will include the theory of development. A brief explanation of the method implemented in this study will conclude Chapter 2. 2.2 Management Companies ...

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The Nature Of The Transaction

02 Nov 2017

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No, for the purposes of this Standard, a transaction with an employee or other party in his/her ability as a holder of equity instrument of the entity is not a share-based payment transaction. For example, if an entity grant all holders of a scrupulous class of its equity instrument the right to acquire further equity ...

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The Principles Verse Rules Based Accounting Standard Debate

02 Nov 2017

2 (2 )

ABSTRACT The post Enron scandal escalated to the on-going principles-verse-rules-based debate. In response to the rules-based approach which was criticised as a result of the Enron scandal, SEC proposed a ‘roadmap’ which was to be used by US firms in applying US GAAP when reporting financial statement. The distinction between principle-based and rules-based accounting standards ...

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Three Limitations Of Financial Analysis

02 Nov 2017

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Introduction Financial analysis are evaluation of a business’s financial performance and as reference to guide the owners doing future financial plan by using own previous and current accounting record or compare with competitor. The analysis reveal the information such as profit or loss, cash flow available for business operation and pay debts, and position of ...

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The Business Taxation And Auditing

02 Nov 2017

1 (1 )

In this project of Business Taxation and Auditing we were required to visit any company in Lahore to grab some detailed information about that company. So we selected Haleeb Foods Limited for this purpose and in our report we will analyze the taxation and Auditing departments of the company, discuss all the tax and audit ...

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The Role Of Operations Within The Company

02 Nov 2017

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In any organization, operational manager’s role is very important for the success of the production services. An Operations Manager needs to think and plan valuable and efficient strategies that and make sure to increase the profitability, and growth of the company. The managers are working with the various departments like accounts, HR and finance to ...

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Verbal Decision Analysis Foundations And Trends

02 Nov 2017

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The decision maker is the central figure in decision making based on multiple criteria. Elicitation of the decision makers' preferences should take into account peculiarities of human behavior in the decision processes. This is the central goal of Verbal Decision Analysis or VDA (Larichev and Moshkovich, 1997; Moshkovich et al., 2005.) The Verbal Decision Analysis ...

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What Is Corporate Governance

02 Nov 2017

1 (1 )

2.1 Introduction The practice of good corporate governance helps to differentiate one organisation from others. Corporate governance has been heavily researched in the past few years and at its most central point it refers to the governance of corporations. The latter has gained momentum as a result of separation of ownership and control as owners/shareholders ...

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What Is Environmental Accounting

02 Nov 2017

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CHAPTER 1 Environmental accounting is an important tool for understanding the role played by the natural environment in the economy. Environmental accounts provide data which highlight both the contribution of natural resources to economic well-being and the costs imposed by pollution or resource degradation. Environmental accounting sometimes referred to as "green accounting", "resource accounting" or ...

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The Investment Decision Theories

02 Nov 2017

1 (1 )

- Introduction. That the success of the investment project depends to a large extent on the integrity of investment decisions taken at the start of the life of the project, and this due to the fact that investment decisions are distinct from operational decisions with a set of characteristics that make them more dangerous. Decisions ...

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The Role Of Performance Measurement

02 Nov 2017

1 (1 )

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction This chapter will cover the literature on performance measurement, strategy map, balance scorecard and its role in aligning organizational goals to the strategy. By studying related literature on BSC, it is seen that BSC really plays a significant role in the success of an organization and that it helps ...

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Threat To Auditor Independence

02 Nov 2017

1 (1 )

In almost all countries auditing, as a profession, is becoming very demanding. Auditor independence has long been regarded as a cornerstone of the auditing profession (AICPA 1999; SEC 2000). The government of Mauritius often requests for a Report on Observance of Standards and Codes, Accounting and Auditing Review (ROSC A&A) which focuses on the institutional ...

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The Perceived Limitations Of Budgets

02 Nov 2017

6 (6 )

This article examine the discussion about the budget has been the subject of widely unfavourable criticism, the fundamental of which seems to be that the budgeting being incompetent to achieve the requirements of the competitive modern environment in recent years. In other word, there are criticisms and debates over the value of budgeting. One of ...

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What Are Narrative Reports

02 Nov 2017

1 (1 )

1.0 Introduction In recent years, the nature of business has changed fundamentally. Due to the recent global financial crisis, regulators and businesses have realised that the financial reporting system today is no longer sustainable. However, some of the companies have collapsed in the past even though they had extensive regulatory and reporting standards (ACCA, 2011). ...

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The Quality Metal Service Center

02 Nov 2017

4 (4 )

Quality Metal Service Center has shown its resilience in the industry through its century old existence banking on industry knowledge and high quality products. The company is doing well and would like to maximize its potentials by looking into its control system. Analysis has shown that potentially profitable projects may not be pushed through due ...

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User For Financial Statement And The Characteristic

02 Nov 2017

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Introduction ...

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The Quantity Of Disclosure

02 Nov 2017

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Moving from the assumption that high-quality information should usefully support external users in the judgment of past and future performance, we hypothesize that highquality disclosure is positively associated with accuracy and negatively associated with the dispersion of analysts’ earnings forecasts. According to Robb, Single, and Zarzeski (2001), proof of the progressive loss of relevance of ...

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The Overview Of Account System

02 Nov 2017

1 (1 )

With the establishment of any business, one of the essential steps is the development of a dependable accounting system. In many instances, the system is designed in-house and installed by a member of the entity’s own accounting department, although the system may be developed by an outside source such as a public accounting firm or ...

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Three Main Types Of Business Organisations

02 Nov 2017

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A Sole trader is a business started and run by one individual who provides the capital. It is easy to set up and operate. There are no formal procedures in establishing a sole trader business. The main legal obligation is that you must register as a self-employed person with the Revenue Commissioners. If you wish ...

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The Role And Limitations Of Accounting Information

02 Nov 2017

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The product of accounting is accounting information. Accounting information is primarily used to decide between different courses of action and results in an informed decision making process. The aim is for it to reduce the uncertainty inherent in the business environment where key decisions are required to be made about the future. It further reduces ...

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The Managing Financial Principles And Techniques

02 Nov 2017

6 (6 )

Price is based on the expense to produce the physical product or provide a service. This is known as cost of goods on a balance sheet and can include raw materials and other costs like machinery, labor and administrative overhead in goods-production companies, or salaries and bonuses in service-provider companies. Other internal and external considerations ...

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The background and role of inventory in accounting

23 Mar 2015 05 Oct 2017

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Introduction International accounting standard No.2 (IAS2) "Inventory" gives the rules which should be followed during the recording and presentation of inventory. Inventory refers to goods which are held by a firm for sale, are in the production process or are materials which will be consumed in the production process or in giving out of services. This standard does not apply to financial instruments and it gives out ...

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Importance of ‘True and Fair" View of Financial Statements

03 Oct 2016 20 Sep 2017

5 (1,885 )

Introduction This essay focuses on the definition of the ‘true and fair view’ and how to use in accounting practically. In my opinion, ‘true and fair view’ is essential in the real world of accounting because the company has to provide reliable and relevant information to demonstrate its actual financial situation in financial report. However, from December 2013, the ‘true and fair view’ is not defined ...

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Stock Market Shocks

03 Oct 2016 20 Sep 2017

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Keywords: stock market shocks, great depression Stock Market Shocks during the Great Depression and the International Financial Crisis. ABSTRACT: This paper inspects the impact of stuns saw in the Stock Market on yield and vocation. Amid the Great Depression. We display three principle discoveries. Initially, an unfavorable budgetary stun prompts a decrease in the assembling division's yield and vocation that crests around 11 months a short ...

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Internal Auditing Systems in Detecting Fraud

03 Oct 2016 20 Sep 2017

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INRODUCTION The chapter shall looks at the background of the study, statement of the problem, research questions, objectives of the study, purpose of the study, hypothesis, assumptions of the study, delimitation of the study, limitations of the study, and the organisation of the study. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Auditing was firstly introduced in the year 1879, in the banking sector when banking ...

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Taxation in the UK and Bangladesh

03 Oct 2016 20 Sep 2017

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Keywords: uk taxation, bangladesh taxation Unit-12: Taxation Introduction Taxation: It is concerned with the tradition of a countries government acquiring monetary fund from its countries populace in order for them to fund their public services. [1] For instance, taxation is used to build and maintain its public roads, public libraries, parks etc. Taxation is also used to support the countries security services like the police, army, ...

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International Accounting Standards

03 Oct 2016 20 Sep 2017

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APC311 INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING ASSIGNMENT (Word count: 3, 080) Introduction The growth of international activities has been rapid over time. These activities include areas of international trade, international investment, international bond and equity offerings, capital movements between countries and the number of multinational firms. Countries, entities and bodies who carry out these activities continuously seek to achieve growth and higher returns at lower cost of financing. ...

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Cost and Performance Management

03 Oct 2016 20 Sep 2017

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COST AND PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 PURPOSES OF STANDARD COSTING 2.1 Decision Making Purposes 2.2 Challenging Target 2.3 Setting Budgets 2.4 Control Device 2.5 Inventory Valuation 3.0 ADVANTAGES OF STANDARD COSTING 3.1 Budgeting 3.2 Inventory Costing 3.3 Overhead Application 3.4 Price Formulation 3.5 Efficiency 3.6 Cost Control 3.7 Motivation 4.0 LIMITATION OF STANDARD COSTING 4.1 Limitations In Applicability 4.2 Reactive Nature 4.3 ...

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Accounting Software System of Hospital

03 Oct 2016 20 Sep 2017

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Introduction: Once the accounting system is installed in the hospital then the hospital records would be kept electronically. All the manual work would be shifted in the computer through the operators. This would lead to many benefits for the organization. First of all the cost of the hospital would be decreased and the time wold be saved for the staff. All the information for the medicines ...

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Accounting for Borrowing Costs

03 Oct 2016 20 Sep 2017

6 (2,021 )

Keywords: borrowing costs, accounting standard interpretation Abstract To prescribe the accounting treatment for borrowing cost incurred irrespective of its nature either capital or revenue and to interpret the said accounting standard in a fairly manner with the help of accounting standard interpretation as issued by ICAI. Introduction With the advent of Industrialisation, Organisations need more resources so as to compete in the Industry which it pertains ...

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Accounting Conservatism and Risk Taking Decisions

03 Oct 2016 20 Sep 2017

4 (1,472 )

Keywords: positive accounting theory, accounting conservatism Introduction Manager is in a position of Captain in Charge in ship of the Organization, so that to make organization more beautiful Manager has duty to make an important decision on Corporate Investment. These types of decisions create Agency Problems because of the time interest differences between manager and shareholder. This research is carried out to understand how conservatism accounting ...

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Accounting Rules and Joint Ventures in Europe

19 Sep 2017

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Bridging the GAAP The International Accounting Standards (IAS) was supposed to be a unifying conceptual framework which would bring accounting practices of various firms and industries under a single umbrella of standards. No matter if it is a Greek shipping magnate or an Italian fish processing plant, the EU envisioned that they would work within a single standard to better facilitate trade amongst various nations. Indeed, ...

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Internal Auditing Case Study

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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 Activity 1. Key entity-level controls COSO Component Entity-level Controls Control Environment Organization wide integrity code of conduct Raising awareness and application of the code Granting restricted accesses to managers based on their department and responsibility scope Risk Assessment Organization wide risk assessment Risk ...

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Case Study - Skullcraft and ERP

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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 Discussion Questions What inspired Skullcraft to pursue ERP even though the company had just 26 employees? Solution An Enterprise Resource Planning system is an integrated system which helps the organization to manage its resources; inventory, procurement, supply chain, finance, human resource etc. are few of the many resources an ERP helps to manage. Although, the company had just 26 employees, an ERP system ...

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Enron Accounting Scandal

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

3 (921 )

The Enron accounting scandal is one of the most shocking nightmares in the profession's history. Enron rises to success quickly after its establishment in 1985. However, despite attracting huge share prices, the company files for bankruptcy in December 2001 and its share value plummets from $92 to $0.67 within a span of one month. The question that most stakeholders still have is how such a ...

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Director Networks and Stock Price Cash Risks

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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IntroductionA sprouting issue in corporate governance and the business world is the concept of executivenetwork. Recent accounting and finance literature use social network theory to explain variouscorporate behaviors and practices steaming from information, resources exchange and relationshipbuilding. The correlation between executive network and earnings management (Omer et al, 2016; Chui, et al 2012), director network and tax management (Brown & Drake, 2013), and director network ...

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Hanjin Bankruptcy Causes

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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Abstract Over the past five years, Hanjin Shipping Co Ltd has maintained its ranking among the top 10 shipping companies in the world making it in 8th position in 2015 (JOC 2016), however, on 31st of August 2016, Hanjin Shipping declared bankruptcy. It was clearly leading to bankruptcy as company was showing low profitability and Hanjin vainly attempted to increase liquidity but it was too ...

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JB Hi-FI Corporate Social Responsibility

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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Report: Part A For JB Hi-FI there are 4 types of corporate social responsibility to report. The environmental section must be included and it provides information on actions the company is taking to meet carbon footprint requirements. Second are Philanthropic responsibilities stating how the company supports charities through funding. Third is ethical involves workplace safety or the employee health and mainly involves the welfare of ...

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Factors in Inventorial Costs

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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 1) Inventorial costs definition: In accounting, inventorial costs are those costs incurs when company obtain products or make to the end products before they sell them. So Inventorial costs are also involving to product costs which include costs of direct labour, direct material and manufactural overhead. Inventorial costs are recorded in inventory account as assets in balance sheets before products are sold as costs of ...

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Investment Report on Qantas Airlines

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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Introduction Qantas main international hubs are at Sydney and Melbourne airport, as well as operates a significant number of international flights. Qantas owns Jetstar Airways and when it became privatised in 1993, became one of the most profitable airlines in the world. Qantas has a total of 299 aircrafts and 29,350 employees as of 2015, and its closest competitor is Singapore Airlines (SIA). ...

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Prevention of Fraud and Mismanagement Policy

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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PURPOSE The Prevention of Fraud and Mismanagement Policy outlines measures taken by the Institute to prevent fraud and mismanagement. SCOPE This policy applies to all members of staff. STATEMENT Rosary Tertiary Institute is committed to dealing with fraud prevention. The Professional Conduct of Staff is the principle guide for dealing with fraud prevention. It states that staff members are required to inform themselves about fraud ...

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Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and Teva Pharmaceutical

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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Teva Pharmaceuticals is the largest generic pharmaceutical manufacturer in the world[1]. As of December 22, 2016, Teva Pharmaceuticals now holds the record for the largest fine by a pharmaceutical company for violating the foreign corrupt practices act. The settlement amount includes $283 million fine from the DOJ and a subsequent $236 million fine from the SEC. This total fine of $519 million far outweighs the ...

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Audit Process of Computer Company

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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Introduction Internal auditing is a consulting activity on a company that is independent. It aims at helping a company/ form evaluate its managerial system, identify issues in the firm and control the process of governance. Therefore an internal audit helps in supporting the board in their duties of completing important businesses in the company. The main issues faced by the auditor is whether research and ...

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Can the Tax Industry be Self-Regulated?

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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Tax Summative: Critically discuss the assertion that the tax industry cannot be trusted to regulate itself. Introduction, how is UK Tax Industry regulated? HMRC What ways have HMRC been successful? PwC scandal FOR Assertion Ethics Final Opinion https://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1055242/FULLTEXT01.pdf It is well known that tax advisory work within the UK is a legally unregulated profession, therefore in order to uphold high standards, the profession depends ...

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Why I Chose to be An Accountant

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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Accounting is an information and measurement system that we use for the purpose of identifying, recording, measuring, and communicating relevant and reliable information about an entity to those with an interest in the entity. Accounting is a very challenging and rewarding career with a wide variety of career paths that one can venture in. Accounting is more of a communicating language in the world of ...

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Conceptual Model of Strategic Data Projects

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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CHOSEN SCENARIO: VINCE'S VINYL Analysis and Design A. Conceptual Model: A conceptual model, or a summary-level data model, is generally used on strategic data projects to describe an entire organization. As the most abstract form, it is useful in communicating ideas to a wide variety of stakeholders. Platform specific information, e.g., data types, is excluded. Other implementation details, e.g., procedures and interface definitions, are omitted. ...

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Financial History of American Airlines

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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American Airways was incorporated in 1930, becoming American Airlines in 1934. Operating as a passenger and cargo carrier, they also offer freight and mail services. With 9 hubs functioning throughout the country, they average around $522 million a month. In 1939, they began trading stock on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol AAL. (Yahoo Finance, November 2013) American Airlines began trading stock ...

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Introduction to the Monetary Model

16 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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  A monetary model is a revised depiction of reality, planned to yield hypotheses about budgetary lead that can be attempted. A basic part of a budgetary model is that it is generally subjective in diagram in light of the way that there are no objective measures of fiscal outcomes. Assorted money related investigators will make particular judgments about what is relied upon to illuminate ...

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Concepts and Features in Bookkeeping

16 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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1. Name two (2) business needs relating to bookkeeping Business needs will vary according to what type of business it is. Accurate recording and maintenance of transactions is a business need relating to bookkeeping another is compliance with legal requirements. As a bookkeeper you are required to be up to date with legislation related with bookkeeping to make sure you are able to do certain ...

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The Co-operative Group Financial Report and Auditing

16 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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Background knowledge, evolution from origin and ethical issues Ever since the establishment of the Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers in 1844 together with the subsequent major merger incurred within its expansion period during 2000 to 2012. The Co-operative Group, colloquially known as the Co-op, has been burgeoning for the last 17 decades, contingent upon the Rochdale principle which espouses dividend returns to members. Pending between ...

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Global Impacts on Management Accounting

16 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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Increasing global business competitiveness. Globalization results in more opportunity and threats, as well as more competition and customers for many countries and organisations. Business need to improve their competitiveness. To realize product differentiation and cost controlling or provide better products or services to customers, deliver responsiveness are most of firms' goal. To realize business competitiveness goal led organisation to take new management accounting systems and ...

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Traditional vs Activity-Based Costing

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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 Introduction: It is paramount for all types of firms to invest into a costing system. Cost management enables a firm for continued progression to enable its budget to be more vigorous and ultimately more cost effective. This essay aims to outline the framework for the main two costing systems that determine the costs and predict the activities that are consuming the most resources. To retrieve ...

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Decision Making Process in Firm Partnership

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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Summary of Case Charles Tollison was in the middle of an audit engagement when his managing partner told Charles that he was passed on for the promotion to and audit partner. This was not the first time that he had failed to be promoted to audit partner while at his firm. Charles has very little faith when his managing partner, Linton, said, "promised that the ...

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Role of Corporate Budgeting

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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Accounting and Financial Management  Budgeting is the Process of expressing quantified resource requirements (amount of capital, amount of material, number of people) into time-phased goals and milestones (BusinessDictionary.com, 2017). Budgets help decision makers to identify problems and to increase their understanding of the task environment (Ahrens 1997). For this reason, budgeting is "still regarded as an organizational imperative if costs are to be controlled ...

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Lean Manufacturing Disadvantages

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

6 (2,227 )

Introduction "The most noteworthy evolution of lean accounting in recent years has been a sharpening focus on value. Lean has always been centered on creating value for customers and eliminating non-value adding waste" (Asefeso, p 9). Lean accounting has been steadily making it possible for manufacturers to explicitly measure value in financial terms and to focus improvement efforts on increasing value. With many manufacturers now ...

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Independent Audit Risks

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

4 (1,269 )

Case 1.8 1. Misstated development costs and revenue measurement are both inherent risks when auditing live theatrical companies. To detect the first, auditors should design testing procedures to evaluate whether deferred development costs are reasonable to the production. This would involve obtaining itemized lists of costs and comparing them to similar expenditures industry-wide. To test for proper revenue measurement, the auditor would have to compare ...

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Challenges Facing Financial Management in Schools

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

12 (4,568 )

The challenges and solutions of financial management in colleges and universities in the era of big data and Internet Abstract- With the development of Internet information technology, public financial management reform deepening, accounting focus Universities facing the management accounting change, the financial sector as a core sector universities, data centers will become a big school and participate in school management, decision-making, analysis and forecasting. ...

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Fair Value Reporting Advantages and Disadvantages

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

11 (4,141 )

Discuss the pros and cons of fair value reporting for investors? Why has this trend emerged, and how does asset value volatility seen during and since the Global Financial Crisis effect your views on this? There have been many debates in previous decades amongst the investors, users of the financial statements, on whether fair value accounting is worth being used. According to IFRS 13, fair ...

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Financial Statement Analysis: Hilton Worldwide Holdings

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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Company Overview HiltonWorldwide Holdings Inc.is one of the largest and fastest growing hospitality companies in the world. The company is correctly positioned in the industry. We expect Hilton to grow at about 6.92% the same rate as its competitor and to maintain the median returns it currently generates. Hilton has relatively high profit margins while operating with median asset turns. Hilton's year-to-year change in revenues ...

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Theories of Demand for Audit

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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Audit refers to an examination of the financial reports of a firm by an independent entity. The separation of business ownership and management in modern society has created a need for accountability; causing the role of audit to change as the needs of stakeholders' change. Audit, in itself, caters to the relationship of accountability; independent from other parts of the firm to provide a true ...

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Importance of Accounting Information in Business Development

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

3 (1,058 )

Describe how accounting information helps shareholders and lenders to make decisions concerning the operations and performance of the entity. Accounting information can be used by shareholders and lenders to look at an entity's financial position and whether it is viable to invest or lend to the entity. If the performance of a company has been poor and there is no indication of this improving, a ...

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Contemporary Concepts of Innovation and Organisation Changes

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

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TABLE OF CONTENT INNOVATION AND CHANGE MANAGMENT....................................................... 3 ROLE OF INNOVATION AND ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE.................................. 4 CONTEMPORARY INNOVATION FRAMEWORKS................................................. 5 THE FACTORS THAT FOSTER INNOVATION........................................................ 5 TYPES OF INNOVATION STRATEGY.................................................................... 6 PROFESSIONAL VALUES AND ETHICS IN INNOVATION...................................... 7 WHY INNOVATION MAY REQUIRE CHANGE IN ORGANISATIONS...................... 8 CRITICALLY ANALYSE THE ROLE OF LEADERSHIP............................................... 9 DESCRIBE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS APPROACHES.............................. 9 CONCLUSTION................................................................................................... 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................................................................................11   BUSINESS 605 ...

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Vershire Company Case Study

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

5 (1,807 )

Company Description and Background Vershire Company is a diversified packaging corporation with various large divisions. Its most prominent segment; the Aluminum Can division, is one of the largest manufacturers of aluminum beverage cans in the United states. This case focuses on the budgeting process and performance analysis of Vershire. A major concern of the company is pleasing the customers as most of their buyers have ...

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Guinness Market Entry to Peru

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

13 (4,924 )

MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION The following assignment is aimed at evaluating the attractiveness of Peru market as a potential entry market for the Irish Company, Guinness Breweries. Using the method of International Market Selection market will asses under the Systematic Approach and the model called Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), we will weigh the three main criteria: Economic, Politics and Cultural. Based on the result ...

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Accounting and Finance for Decision Making

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

4 (1,336 )

Financial Management ABC plc has grown from a company with £10,000 turnover to one with a £17m turnover and £1.8m profit in the last five years. The existing owners have put all their financial resources into the firm to enable it to grow. The directors wish to take advantage of a very exciting market opportunity but would need to find £20m of new equity ...

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International Accounting Developments

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

5 (1,802 )

Identify the nature of the accounting system used in the country and give supporting evidence to justify the reasons for your decision. As a country, Egypt has experienced a dramatic change towards democracy and transparency. This has further been exposed within the financial statements produced in the country. Through the development of the Egyptian Accounting Standards, the country has transformed from a centralised economy, branded ...

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Impact of Audit Quality of Real Earnings Management

08 Aug 2017 17 Aug 2017

13 (5,020 )

Abstract This study aims to evaluate the influence of audit quality (auditor size and auditor tenure), political connection, and institutional ownership toward real earnings management. Purposive sampling was conducted and 83 manufacturing companies registered in Indonesian Stock Exchange during 2010-2014 were acquired as the samples. For testing the hypotheses, panel data regression random effect model was used. The results showed that auditor size and institutional ...

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Volkswagen and Nike Accountability Mechanisms

16 Aug 2017

5 (1,693 )

"An ever evolving set of responsibilities (and accountabilities) for the functioning and welfare of individuals, society and the environment is entrusted to public sector organisations and private business enterprises." Using both positive and negative examples discuss the above statement. Accountability is defined as "the fact or condition of being accountable; responsibility" (Oxford Dictionary, 2016). It is an essential part of all businesses both large ...

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Rising Costs: Retail Industry and Funeral Industry

16 Aug 2017

3 (1,096 )

The retail industry feeds more than 64 million people every day in UK. The retail sales account for £177.5bn makes 51% contribution to UK economy. It employs 3.8 million people make up 14% employment in UK (IGD, 2015). Figure: Total Retail Spend by Category (Retail Economics, 2016). As the figure shows, the retail industry can divided into several categories. The largest part is food ...

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History of Federal Taxation in the United States

16 Aug 2017

2 (719 )

The existing taxation policies in the U.S. have been characterized by a myriad of changes over the decades as a result of variations in the government's roles as well as the changing circumstances. The U.S. Department of Treasury asserted that the kinds of taxes imposed, their percentages as well as the size of the collections differ from what they were 100 years ago due to ...

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Kirkpatrick's Four-Level Training Evaluation Model

16 Aug 2017

6 (2,327 )

Case Scenario Sunshine Supermarket is an upcoming supermarket in Singapore. It first opened its door for business in the year 2014 at Jurong East. Sunshine Supermarket's primary aim is 'to serve the customer'. Keeping existing customers happy is important, as they are more likely to return. This is more cost effective for the business than acquiring new ones. Sunshine Supermarket's original product range of grocery ...

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Importance of Workflow Process in Financial System

16 Aug 2017

3 (974 )

2.2 Research questions Key research questions will be: How important is the implementation of the workflow process within the financial system (SAP)? What weakness or issues are evident in the current process in relation to purchases orders approvals? How efficient is the current approval process and how trustworthy? What are the most important activities the management can take to improve the current process? Does ...

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Development of Corporate Governance in Nigeria

08 Aug 2017

13 (4,826 )

3. Literature Review 3.1 The code of corporate governance Over the years, Nigeria has experienced rapid development with regards to corporate governance. This can be noted in the 2003 Code of Corporate Governance (SEC Code), the 2006 mandatory Code of Corporate Governance for Nigerian Banks post consolidation (CBN Code) and most importantly the 2007 Code of Conduct for Shareholder Associations in Nigeria (SEC Code for ...

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Customer Service Bench Marking

08 Aug 2017

5 (1,736 )

A) Customer Service Bench Marking The Old Ground Hotel Built in the early part of the 18th Century as a private dwelling and a hotel since 1895. The Old Ground has played its part in the Republics tumultuous beginnings and the Town Hall once incorporated a jail." Currently the hotel is a 4-star hotel ran by the hotel group the Flynn brothers. ...

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Strategic Management Accounting Analysis

08 Aug 2017

4 (1,507 )

This essay presents a critical analysis of strategic management accounting and the roles of management accountants in it. The starting point for this analysis is the argument presented by Cadez and Guilding (2008, p. 838) that "while the recent past has seen increased interest in SMA, the area is still under-defined and no universally accepted SMA framework exists". Principally, this essay argues that whilst strategic ...

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Internal Audit Effectiveness in Public Sector Organizations

08 Aug 2017

9 (3,544 )

  Determinant of Internal Audit Effectiveness in Public Sector Organizations: Which factors matter? Abstract Internal audit (IA) play a pivotal role in reinforcing good governance in both public and private organizations through a value-adding role. Yet very few research conducted on the IA effectiveness especially in public sector. The current study aims to examine empirically determinant of effectiveness of IA within organization. Effectiveness scale developed through ...

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British Petroleum Foundation: Financial Analysis

08 Aug 2017

6 (2,363 )

British Petroleum Foundation British Petroleum (BP) is one of the world's leading integrated oil and gas companies, and it is the third largest energy company and the fourth largest company in the world. It provides customers with energy for heat and light, fuel for transportation, lubricants to support the performance of engines and petrochemicals products to diversify daily use items. BP was founded in 1908 ...

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