12 Feb 2018
This chapter presents the results of the study. Included are an analysis of the five research questions and the six hypotheses of the study. This chapter concludes with a summary of the information presented in this chapter concerning the quantitative statistical findings of this study.
As previously indicated, job satisfaction is a term that is difficult to describe as a single construct, and the definition of job satisfaction varies between studies (Morice & Murray, 2003; Protheroe, Lewis & Paik, 2002; and Singer, 1995). In higher education, a number of researchers have discussed the importance of continuous research on job satisfaction among community college faculty (Bright, 2002; Green, 2000; McBride, Munday, & Tunnell, 1992; Milosheff, 1990; Hutton & Jobe, 1985; and Benoit & Smith 1980). A reason suggested for the continuous study of community college faculty, is the value of data received from such studies in developing and improving community college faculty and their practices (Truell, Price, & Joyner, 1998). The purpose of this study was to examine job satisfaction of community college instructional faculty in regards to their role as teachers.
Research question one sort to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of community college instructional faculty. This research question included three variables (gender, age, and race/ethnicity).
There were 371 participants in the sample, of which 188 were male and 183 were female. In regards to gender, the analysis showed that 51% of the sample size included males and 49% of the sample size were female. Table 1 identifies the frequency and percentage results as they relate to gender of community college faculty.
Table 1.
Gender | Percent | Frequency |
Male | 51% | 188 |
Female | 49% | 183 |
Total | 100% | 371 |
The sample size consisted of 371 participants. For age, the analysis displayed that 16% of the faculty were both under 30 and between ages 30 and 34 while17% were between ages 35 and 39. 15% of community college instructional faculty were between 40 and 44, while 14% were in the age range of 45 to 50. The last age range consisted of participants who were 50 or over, which was 21%. Even though the largest percentage of faculty members are 50 or over, faculty members who are 34 or under total 32% which indicates that the majority of faculty are under the age of 34. Table 2 identifies the frequency and percentage results as they relate to the variable of age of community college faculty.
Table 2.
Age | Percent | Frequency |
Under 30 | 16% | 60 |
30-34 | 16% | 60 |
35-39 | 17% | 65 |
40-44 | 15% | 57 |
45-49 | 14% | 51 |
50 and over | 21% | 79 |
Total | 100% | 371 |
The sample size consisted of 371 participants. The variable race/ethnicity showed that 83% of the participants were White, Non-Hispanic; 7% were Black, Non-Hispanics; 3% were Asian, Non-Hispanics; 1% were both American Indian, Non-Hispanics and Pacific Islanders Non-Hispanics; 2% were More than one race, Non-Hispanic; and 5% were Hispanics. Over 80% of the participants (308) were White, Non-Hispanic. Table 3 identifies the frequencies and percentages for the variable of race/ethnicity.
Table 3.
Race/Ethnicity | Percent | Frequency |
White, Non-Hispanic | 83% | 308 |
Black, Non-Hispanic | 7% | 25 |
Asian, Non-Hispanic | 3% | 11 |
American Indian, Non-Hispanic | 1% | 1 |
Pacific Islanders, Non-Hispanic | 1% | 1 |
More than one race, Non-Hispanic | 2% | 7 |
Hispanics | 5% | 18 |
Total | 100% | 371 |
Research question two sort to describe the nature of employment characteristics of community college instructional faculty. This research question included three variables (rank, employment status, and tenure status).
There were 371 participants in the sample, of which 126 were employed full time and 245 were employed part time. In regards to employment status, the analysis showed that 34% of the sample size was employed full time and 66% of the sample size were employed part time. Table 4 identifies the frequency and percentage results as it relates to employment status of community college faculty.
Table 4.
Employment Status | Percent | Frequency |
Full time | 34% | 126 |
Part time | 66% | 245 |
Total | 100% | 371 |
The sample size consisted of 371 participants. In regards to rank, the analysis displayed that 9% of the sample size was identified as professors. Associate professors were identified at 5% of the sample size while Assistant professors were identified at 4%. Instructors were identified as 45% of the participants and lecturers were identified at 2%. Faculty with other titles were identified at 30% and 5% of the participants answered the question as not applicable. More than 40% of the participants (167) were identified as instructors. Table 5 identifies the frequency and percentage results as they relate to the ranking of community college faculty.
Table 5.
Rank | Percent | Frequency |
Professor | 9% | 30 |
Associate professor | 5% | 19 |
Assistant professor | 4% | 15 |
Instructor | 45% | 167 |
Lecturer | 2% | 7 |
Other titles | 30% | 111 |
Not applicable | 5% | 22 |
Total | 100% | 371 |
The sample size consisted of 371 participants. In regards to tenure status, the analysis showed that 18% of the faculty were tenured; 6% of faculty were on a tenure track, but are not tenured; and 76% of faculty are not on a tenure track. More than 70% of the participants (282) were identified as faculty not on a tenure track. Table 6 identifies the frequency and percentage results as they relate to the tenure status of community college faculty.
Table 6.
Tenure Status | Percent | Frequency |
Tenured | 18% | 67 |
On tenure track, but not tenured | 6% | 22 |
Not on tenure track | 76% | 282 |
Total | 100% | 371 |
Research question three was designed to describe the job satisfaction of community college instructional faculty based on the eight components (Authority to make decisions; Benefits; Equipment/facilities; Instructional support; Overall; Salary; Technology-based activities; and Workload) of job satisfaction from the National Study of Postsecondary Faculty Survey NSOPF: 04.
The sample size consisted of 366 participants. In regards to job satisfaction, the analysis showed that 73% of the faculty were very satisfied with authority to make decision; 34% of faculty were somewhat satisfied with benefits; 44% of faculty were very satisfied with equipment and facilities; 40% were somewhat satisfied with instructional support; 55% were very satisfied with overall job satisfaction; 42% were somewhat satisfied with salary; 53% were very satisfied with technology-based activities; and 50% of faculty were very satisfied with workload. Table 6 identifies the frequency and percentage results as they relate to the job satisfaction of community college faculty.
Table 7.
Satisfaction | Percent | Frequency |
Authority to Make Decisions | ||
Very satisfied | 73% | 268 |
Somewhat satisfied | 22% | 81 |
Somewhat dissatisfied | 4% | 14 |
Very dissatisfied | 1% | 4 |
Total | 100 | 366 |
Benefits | ||
Very satisfied | 27% | 106 |
Somewhat satisfied | 34% | 127 |
Somewhat dissatisfied | 19% | 70 |
Very dissatisfied | 18% | 67 |
Total | 100 | 371 |
Equipment/facilities | ||
Very satisfied | 44% | 161 |
Somewhat satisfied | 38% | 140 |
Somewhat dissatisfied | 14% | 51 |
Very dissatisfied | 4% | 15 |
Total | 100 | 366 |
Instructional support | ||
Very satisfied | 37% | 134 |
Somewhat satisfied | 40% | 147 |
Somewhat dissatisfied | 17% | 62 |
Very dissatisfied | 6% | 23 |
Total | 100 | 366 |
Job overall | ||
Very satisfied | 55% | 203 |
Somewhat satisfied | 38% | 141 |
Somewhat dissatisfied | 6% | 22 |
Very dissatisfied | 1% | 5 |
Total | 100 | 371 |
Salary | ||
Very satisfied | 29% | 106 |
Somewhat satisfied | 42% | 157 |
Somewhat dissatisfied | 18% | 67 |
Very dissatisfied | 11% | 41 |
Total | 100 | 371 |
Technology-based activities | ||
Very satisfied | 53% | 195 |
Somewhat satisfied | 35% | 129 |
Somewhat dissatisfied | 9% | 32 |
Very dissatisfied | 3% | 10 |
Total | 100 | 366 |
Workload | ||
Very satisfied | 50% | 187 |
Somewhat satisfied | 34% | 127 |
Somewhat dissatisfied | 11% | 41 |
Very dissatisfied | 4% | 17 |
Total | 100 | 371 |
Research questions four and five examined the predictive relationship between gender, nature of employment, (rank, employment status, and tenure status) and job satisfaction of community college instructional faculty. Associated with this research question were six hypotheses. The hypotheses were tested using a multiple linear regression model that included two independent variables (gender and rank, gender and employment status, and gender and tenure status) and the eight components of the dependent variable, job satisfaction (Authority to make decisions regarding instructional practice, Benefits, Equipment/facilities for instructional use, Instructional support, Overall satisfaction, Salary, Technology-based activities, and Workload). The findings for each of the hypotheses are discussed below.
H01:There is no statistical difference in job satisfaction of community college instructional faculty based upon gender and rank.
Ha1:There is a statistical difference in job satisfaction of community college instructional faculty based upon gender and rank.
The regression model was not significant between the independent variables (gender and rank) and the dependent variable job satisfaction (Authority to make decisions regarding instructional practice), F (2, 363), = 0.280, p = .756 (See Table 8). A non-significant relationship was found between gender, rank, and component one. The coefficients were: t = -.321 (gender) and -.670 (rank), df = 363, and p > .05 for both gender (.748) and rank (.504). Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected because p > .05 with alpha= .05.
Table 8.
Model | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p |
Regression | .234 | 2 | .117 | .280 | .756 |
Residual | 151.878 | 363 | .418 | ||
Corrected Total | 152.112 | 365 |
The regression model was not significant between the independent variables (gender and rank) and the dependent variable job satisfaction (Benefits), F (2, 363), = 4.203, p = .016. The total model produced an r-square value of 0.023 (See Table 9). The r-square value indicated that approximately 1% of the variation in benefits was accounted for by the combined variation of the 2 independent variables (gender and rank). The coefficients were: t = .050 (gender) and 2.897 (rank), df = 363, and p > .05 for gender (.960) and p<.05 for rank (.004). Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected because p > .05 and p< .05 with alpha= .05.
Table 9.
Model | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p |
Regression | 9.431 | 2 | 4.716 | 4.203 | .016 |
Residual | 407.247 | 363 | 1.122 | ||
Corrected Total | 416.678 | 365 |
R-Square = 0.023
The regression model was not significant between the independent variables (gender and rank) and the dependent variable job satisfaction (Equipment/facilities for instructional use), F (2, 363), = 1.045, p = .353. The total model produced an r-square value of 0.006 (See Table 10). The r-square value indicated that approximately 1% of the variation in equipment/facilities for instructional use was accounted for by the combined variation of the 2 independent variables (gender and rank). The coefficients were: t = .793 (gender) and -1.225 (rank), df = 363, and p > .05 for both gender (.428) and rank (.221). Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected because p > .05 with alpha= .05.
The regression model was not significant between the independent variables (gender and rank) and the dependent variable job satisfaction (Instructional support), F (2, 363), = .370, p = .691. The total model produced an r-square value of 0.002 (See Table 11).
Table 10.
Model | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p |
Regression | 1.441 | 2 | .721 | 1.045 | .353 |
Residual | 250.187 | 363 | .689 | ||
Corrected Total | 251.628 | 365 |
R-Square = 0.006
The r-square value indicated that approximately 1% of the variation in instructional support was accounted for by the combined variation of the 2 independent variables (gender and rank). The coefficients were: t = .392 (gender) and -.773 (rank), df = 363, and p > .05 for both gender (.695) and rank (.440). Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected because p > .05 with alpha= .05.
Table 11.
Model | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p |
Regression | .570 | 2 | .285 | .370 | .691 |
Residual | 279.804 | 363 | .771 | ||
Corrected Total | 280.374 | 365 |
R-Square = 0.002
The regression model was not significant between the independent variables (gender and rank) and the dependent variable job satisfaction (Overall satisfaction), F (2, 363), = 13.505, p = .000. The total model produced an r-square value of 0.069 (See Table 12). The r-square value indicated that approximately 1% of the variation in overall satisfaction was accounted for by the combined variation of the 2 independent variables (gender and rank). The coefficients were: t = -5.169 (gender) and -.436 (rank), df = 363, and p < .05 for gender (.000) and p> .05 for rank (.663). Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected because p > .05 and p< .05 with alpha= .05.
Table 12.
Model | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p |
Regression | 19.269 | 2 | 9.634 | 13.505 | .000 |
Residual | 258.950 | 363 | .713 | ||
Corrected Total | 278.219 | 365 |
R-Square = 0.069
The regression model was not significant between the independent variables (gender and rank) and the dependent variable job satisfaction (Salary), F (2, 363), = .050, p = .951. The total model produced an r-square value of 0.000 (See Table 13). The r-square value indicated that approximately 0% of the variation in salary was accounted for by the combined variation of the 2 independent variables (gender and rank). The coefficients were: t = .220 (gender) and -.230 (rank), df = 363, and p > .05 for gender (.826) and for rank (.818). Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected because p > .05 with alpha= .05.
The regression model was not significant between the independent variables (gender and rank) and the dependent variable job satisfaction (Technology-based activities), F (2, 363), = .050, p = .819.
Table 13.
Model | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p |
Regression | .091 | 2 | .045 | .050 | .951 |
Residual | 331.857 | 363 | .914 | ||
Corrected Total | 331.948 | 365 |
R-Square = 0.000
The total model produced an r-square value of .001 (See Table 14). The r-square value indicated that approximately 0% of the variation in technology based activities was accounted for by the combined variation of the 2 independent variables (gender and rank). The coefficients were: t = .081 (gender) and -.628 (rank), df = 363, and p > .05 for both gender (.936) and rank (.531). Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected because p > .05 with alpha= .05.
Table 14.
Model | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p |
Regression | .245 | 2 | .123 | .199 | .819 |
Residual | 223.219 | 363 | .615 | ||
Corrected Total | 223.464 | 365 |
R-Square = 0.001
The regression model was not significant between the independent variables (gender and rank) and the dependent variable job satisfaction (Workload), F (2, 363), = .557, p = .573. The total model produced an r-square value of 0.003 (See Table 15). The r-square value indicated that approximately 0% of the variation in workload was accounted for by the combined variation of the 2 independent variables (gender and rank). The coefficients were: t = .312 (gender) and -1.015 (rank), df = 363, and p > .05 for both gender (.756) and rank (.311). Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected because p > .05 with alpha= .05.
Table 15.
Model | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p |
Regression | 1.218 | 2 | .609 | .557 | .573 |
Residual | 396.607 | 363 | 1.093 | ||
Corrected Total | 397.825 | 365 |
R-Square = 0.003
Gender, Employment Status, and Job Satisfaction
H02:There is no statistical difference in job satisfaction of community college instructional faculty based upon gender and employment status.
Ha2:There is a statistical difference in job satisfaction of community college instructional faculty based upon gender and employment status.
The regression model was not significant between the independent variables (gender and employment status) and the dependent variable job satisfaction (Authority to make decisions regarding instructional practice), F (2, 363), = .070, p = .932 (See Table 16). A non-significant relationship was found between gender, employment status, and component one. The coefficients were: t = -.355 (gender) and .120 (employment status), df = 363, and p > .05 for both gender (.723) and employment status (.904). Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected because p > .05 with alpha= .05.
Table 16.
Model | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p |
Regression | .040 | 2 | .020 | .070 | .932 |
Residual | 104.091 | 363 | .287 | ||
Corrected Total | 104.131 | 365 |
The regression model was not significant between the independent variables (gender and employment status) and the dependent variable job satisfaction (Benefits), F (2, 363), = 26.952, p = .000. The total model produced an r-square value of 0.129 (See Table 17). The r-square value indicated that approximately 1% of the variation in benefits was accounted for by the combined variation of the 2 independent variables (gender and employment status). The coefficients were: t = -.140 (gender) and 7.340 (employment status), df = 363, and p > .05 for gender (.889) and p<.05 for employment status (.000). Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected because p > .05 and p< .05 with alpha= .05.
The regression model was not significant between the independent variables (gender and employment status) and the dependent variable job satisfaction (Equipment/facilities for instructional use), F (2, 363), = 2.754, p = .065 (See Table 18).
Table 17.
Model | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | P |
Regression | 51.741 | 2 | 25.870 | 26.952 | .000 |
Residual | 348.437 | 363 | .960 | ||
Corrected Total | 400.178 | 365 |
R-Square = 0.129
The coefficients were: t = -.016 (gender) and -2.347 (employment status), df = 363, and p > .05 for gender (.987) and p< .05 for employment status (.019). Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected because p > .05 and p< .05 with alpha= .05.
Table 18.
Model | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p |
Regression | 3.331 | 2 | 1.665 | 2.754 | .065 |
Residual | 219.489 | 363 | .605 | ||
Corrected Total | 222.820 | 365 |
The regression model was not significant between the independent variables (gender and employment status) and the dependent variable job satisfaction (Instructional support), F (2, 363), = 1.844, p = .160 (See Table 19). The coefficients were: t = -.308 (gender) and -1.897 (employment status), df = 363, and p > .05 for gender (.758) and p< .05 for employment status (.059). Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected because p > .05 and p< .05 with alpha= .05.
Table 19.
Then shoot us a message on Whatsapp, WeChat or Gmail. We are available 24/7 to assist you.
We know how critical is the final-year dissertation for a student. Check out how we help students in passing the final year.
Now! moonlight your way to A+ grade academic success. Get the high-quality work - or your money back.
Our experts are ready to assist you, call us to get a free quote or order now to get succeed in your academics writing.