The Introduction To Community Oriented Policing

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02 Nov 2017

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Many law enforcement agencies nationwide have come to envision the Community-oriented policing concept as the future of law enforcement, and are implementing this program with varying degrees of commitment of personnel and equipment. This research was conducted to determine the origin, characteristics, goals, advantages and disadvantages of community-oriented policing.

Community Oriented Policing is a policing philosophy that encourages and maintains organizational strategies to concentrate on the causes and reduce the fear of crime and social disorder through problem-solving tactics and community-police partnerships.

The progress toward community oriented policing has gained impetus in recent years as police and community leaders search for more effectual ways to promote public safety as well as boost the quality of life in neighborhoods.  The origins of community oriented policing come from the history of policing itself and build on many of the lessons taught by that history.

Modern law enforcement began in England with the development of the London Metropolitan Police District in 1829 by Sir Robert Peel. The innovative police force was created to concentrate on the towering crime rates in Great Britain’s capital.

The 1960s police-citizen crisis and successive research inquired about the core philosophies underlying policing in America. Wilson and Kelling put forward the "broken windows" thesis hypothesizing that a broken window in an abandoned building denoted that no one bothered with the property, making it a target for criminal activity. They emphasized the significance of having power over minor crimes and disorders in an attempt to reduce more serious crime. Making residents feel secure and improving their quality of life should be the objective of police. This proposal ignited the expansion of a quantity of various police strategies and policies designed to develop police-community relations. The philosophy of community oriented policing is based on the idea that reducing citizens' fear of crime while establishing an affiliation between the police and the community is an advisable goal of police organizations. Community policing involves new and old tactics. The tactics include foot and bike patrol, beat meetings, mini-stations and many other citizen and police partnerships (Thomas & Burns 2005). Community oriented policing involves organizational changes as well as external changes. For example a department may require a geographic organization or community squad division (Thomas & Burns 2005).

Community oriented policing is service oriented, upholding the notion of community as customer, and police as supplier. The necessities of the customer become the goals of the supplier in distributing proficient, client-centered service that is effectual, professional, and liable. Community policing is a partnership whose aim is to verify community needs and policing priorities, and to support police liability and efficiency.

Community oriented policing is successful at problem solving. Authentic and possible causes of crime and conflict within the community can be equally acknowledged and scrutinized with the results directing development of measures that concentrate on the problems in the short-, medium, and long-term. Problem solving also entails conflict resolution and supplementary innovative techniques to address police-community relations dilemmas.

Community oriented policing is a representative of empowerment, developing a sense of joint dependability and a joint capacity for handling matters of concern to police personnel. This will require training about community oriented policing.

In community oriented policing, accountability is attained by making the supplier accountable to the customer; creating methods through which the police are held responsible for addressing the needs and concerns of the community they serve.

Community oriented policing has a basis of seven goals such as:

Sustaining or amplifying public assurance in the Police Department.

Diminishing fear of crime.

Listening to and addressing citizen distress.

Interlocking community resources to solve problems.

Impacting specific crime problems.

Lessening repetitive calls for service.

Informing the public about its police department

Community oriented policing aims to increase the relations between the police and the community. For example Newark, New Jersey, Boston, and Flint Michigan all had foot patrol demanded by the citizens (Peak & Glensor 1996).

The advantages and disadvantages of community oriented policing varies from country to country. Community policing is different in every state and the federal government may support programs with funding. The way in which each state runs there community oriented policing program varies according to how young the city is and if there is a sense of community. Community oriented policing has been most effective among homeowners, middle income families, and whites (Peak & Glensor 1996). According to Samuel Walker the communities that need community policing the most are the ones that are unable or unwilling to take advantage of it (Peak & Glensor 1996).

One of the main advantages to community oriented policing is the reduction of fear amongst the community. With amplification in police presence in the neighborhood the residents feel more safe and sound. This sense of security helps the police institute trust within the community. This advances police-community relations. In due course, life for the community improves and crime is reduced.

Another advantage is that community oriented policing is flexible. The resolutions and strategies alter as the community changes. Community oriented policing can be executed in an infinite number of ways. Community oriented policing offers a multitude of benefits. Making efficient use of the resources accessible within communities will help expand harshly damaged police resources.

A major disadvantage is that the only way that community oriented policing can be successful is with community involvement. There must be a recognized affiliation between the police officers and the community. Exclusive of the trust and involvement of the community, any endeavors at community oriented policing will fail. "Police and there would-be partners do not always value the same, or even compatible, things" (Thacher, 2001). In addition, programs like community oriented policing can be regressive. Often when there is a predicament that calls for assistance from the community either no one comes forward or it’s the same people all the time. These are usually the homeowners that have venerable ties to the community. Community policing requires everyone's involvement.

"Over a decade after it was first introduced, community policing remains the most important innovation in American policing today." (Forman, Autumn 2002) The advantages of executing community oriented policing still prevail over the disadvantages. With the police more mixed up in the daily activities of the community this will help the revitalization of the community.

Reinvigorating communities is fundamental if we are to dissuade crime and form more vital neighborhoods. An establishment of trust will permit police to structure close relationships with the community that will generate solid achievements. Without trust between police and citizens, effective community oriented policing is impossible.



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