Psychology and Education: Summary of Research

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05 Jul 2017

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Psychology and Education


Qualitative Research in Psychology

Qualitative research has become a common phenomenon in the modern day psychology. The field is experiencing new directions, for instance, there has been much standardization of the various qualitative techniques. With the creation of new guidelines, a clearer understanding of qualitative research will be achieved while elaborating the effects that it has on the psychology.

Research hypothesis

The researcher is focused on discussing the future of qualitative research in the field of psychology. He seeks to show various benefits of the current gains that have accrued due to having had more developments in the field. Further, he relates the current development with the future of psychology with an aim of showing the positive impacts despite there being varied misconceptions about the same.

Throughout the research work, the researcher expected to find out whether there exist qualitative methodological approaches that can be relied upon to facilitate proper psychological research. Further, he expected to discover if the category that contains qualitative methods in group B necessary or could it mislead the entire approach. In addition, he wanted to know what data was, and if it time was ripe to replace such terms like qualitative or data with other better terms that could perhaps suit the current psychological research processes. Also, the researcher had hoped to determine the extent to which mainstream psychology has been utilized with a bias with its primary focus being on an individual separately. He was concerned about identifying the rift that exists between qualitative research and the manner in which regular research work is conducted in practice. Finally, he is determined to establish the extent to which the past trends of standardization and inflationary application of ‘qualitative methods’ influenced McDonaldization of research. His expectations were based on trying to figure out the potential future of the qualitative research in psychology.

To effectively test the hypothesis, the researcher conducts a rigorous re-examination of various works done by various researchers as well as organizations as a way of drawing results that can then be applied to forecast what is to be expected in the future of qualitative research in the field of psychology. Firstly, he conducts a thorough examination of the new developments that have been realized by qualitative research. He further goes into the theoretical aspect of it by examining different theories that seek to replace research. To conduct an all-sided approach to the research, he conducts a brief examination of the hazards that qualitative research is likely to have on the development of psychology.

On the basis of the various resources that the researcher applied for his work, a majority of the results show that, unlike other research techniques and methodologies that have been used in the previous past, the qualitative research method has a better appeal and applicability in the field of psychology. Various researchers have since denounced most of the traditional methods and are vouching for the application of the qualitative approaches, more in psychology. This is seen with the progressive growth that has made it the preferred research method for many researchers worldwide. On the issue of Theorism, the researcher finds it necessary to introduce the theoretical aspect of research in the qualitative method so that it remains inventive, allowing for more realm to be achieved, particularly in the field of psychology.

Ideally, the implication of these results is that qualitative research stands out among the best research techniques that can be applied in psychology. Nonetheless, more adjustments ought to be made to factor in the theoretical aspects that enable for the inventive section, with the focus being primarily on the field of psychology.

In the research work, there were different sources that were utilized to get any substantial and meaningful results. The majority of the psychology experts view qualitative research in psychology as the best technique as far as comprehensive research is concerned. However, it fails to contain other aspects such as the theoretical approaches to study. For others, they consider the traditional ideologies as already obsolete with minimal features to the field of research. Despite this group’s support, there exists other radical researchers who view the qualitative technique as bare with limited use in as much as research in psychology is concerned.

They will form the basis of advancing the processes of research-related techniques while factoring in the recommendations by the researchers that will improve research in psychology. Further, their primary objective was to determine how applicable qualitative techniques can be applied in the future research in psychology. The main limitation, however, is the fact that qualitative research techniques fail to consider the theoretical bit of any research process, and this can hinder any successful research in psychology.

Multiplicity

Any response action is triggered by some activity that requires instant decision-making. However, not all decisions can be perceived to be providing the best results at the time of action. Many are the times when people are likely to have more than one decisions for a particular action. However, choosing the best decision for the circumstance at hand may be problematic. Therefore, it is likely that a person may forego a better decision and choose an inferior course of action. All in all, both cases are possible; a decision to adopt the more comprehensive decision can be taken, or else we can decide to select the inferior course of action.

Hypothesis

In this review, therefore, the primary focus will be on a unique approach to the problem of akrasia in the sense that having two judgments at the time of action, we can decide to act on the superior one or else we can opt for the less superior one if we follow our thoughts at the time of action.

Therefore, the researcher seeks to determine if the decisions that we make when responding to a given cause of action, can be attributed to the thoughts, beliefs and choices that we possess at the moment.

The researcher expected to know if the judgments that we make can be attributed to various factors that are likely to influence the decision-making process at the time of action. In the light of this can individual differences in terms of preferences and beliefs affect the state of the mind that will further cause the selection of different best judgments or the selection of the less comprehensive judgment? Ideally, an individual may make biased judgmental preferences in different contexts depending on what they think is right. An individual may opt choosing a less comprehensive action, even in the presence of a more comprehensive one.

To test the hypothesis, the researcher employed a consultative discussion that involved a series of questions and feedbacks from which the researcher drew most of the conclusions from. Further, he has analyzed the details provided by the discussion to arrive at a majority of his decisions.

Results

On the account of the various circumstances and situational conditions that an individual may be exposed to, acting akratically can, therefore, be attributed to a number of factors. These may include; possessing varied beliefs and preferences for different situations, choosing a best judgment on the basis of the whole self in the course of the action, doing what we perceive to be the best or contrary to what we may think to be the best at the moment of action, and being irrational while behaving contrary to what we believe.

The implication is that most of the actions by individuals result from a state of the mind that can profoundly be influenced by a range of factors that are, as well, determined by other conditions such as the beliefs and preferences that an individual possesses towards various situations and activities.

Results summary

The researcher observes that different people are likely to make different judgments on different courses of actions. It is likely that individuals who possess similar beliefs and preferences may have closely related judgments that are different from those of a different group of individuals.

Of much importance is the way majority of the people act in these ways; their judgments being influenced by many factors. Akrasia may be irrational, but there are exceptional cases in which it may have significant implications. Firstly, many individuals are unlikely to exercise free judgmental abilities at the moment of taking an action. Varied best judgments will occur due to the diverse desires and preferences that will have a significant influence on the manner in which we think and act, different from the usual standpoint. Secondly, peer judgmental capabilities weigh down an individual’s thinking capacity and more often than not, he or she will take a decision contrary to the best. Thirdly, though a person may be rational for acting in a manner below their will, there are chances that their actions may be attributed to the decisions they make. Finally, though an individual acts rationally, and without blame for the judgmental decisions that they make, there are higher chances that they might not be rational in their interpretation of their akratic actions.

In psychology, these findings are important as they enable the learners get a clearer understanding of the reasons for various actions by different individuals, by being in a position to understand the circumstances that are likely to trigger such responses.

Psychological Science

The application of science in psychology can signify change in the manner by which clinical genomic counseling is done. As a development in psychology, there are higher prospects that the entire field may experience random improvements leading to better patient care. The researcher seeks to determine the most efficient method of providing informative communication to the relatives and the patients so that they can get an understanding and later make sound decisions regarding healthcare.

Research hypothesis

The researcher’s primary concern is on how effective the genomic sequencing technologies are proving applicable to enhancing clinical care given that the activity of sequencing information is faced with many complexities. This can be broken down into a series of questions that the researcher feels should be the central point of focus. They include: the determination of the factors that affect the informational requirements of the patients that may be necessary for comprehending on what the genomic results are and their implications; how to provide the genomic sequencing information; the responses from the patients and their families.

In the course of conducting the research work, the researcher expected to know of the factors that have the greatest impacts on the patient’s informational requirements for there to be a clear understanding of the results as well as their implications. Additionally, he expected to know the manner in which the results reach patients and relatives. Finally, he was more concerned about the response of the patients and their families towards genomic information. His expectations were based on the effectiveness of the new technologies of genomic sequencing that may be considered to more effective in administering clinical care.

To test the hypothesis, the researcher utilized previous research work from various researchers in the field of clinical care that uses genomic technologies. In addition, he has applied various works carried out using both qualitative and quantitative techniques of research. Further, the research areas are diverse, applying different methodologies and case analysis that allow for the study to cover a wider selection of the hypothesis questions.

Results

Researcher’s results necessitate more genetic counseling. Firstly, he notes that there are some consistent factors that exist, and they are likely to be influential towards the informational needs of the patients in relation to getting comprehension of genomic sequencing results. Some of these factors may include the experiences in a personal view, culture, limited genetics experts, and inadequate training for the specialists that exist. Secondly, passing over genomic information has been problematic for long. Various systems of communicating the information have proved inadequate and to some extent non-applicable. For this reason, the researcher gives solutions that he thinks can improve this case. For instance, he notes that more research ought to be conducted to so that to streamline the entire system. Communication formats need to be changed and put in conformity with the current informational requirements.

Finally, he notices the existence of uncertainties mainly due to the nature of risks that are involved, and the complex health care information that may prove difficult for the patients to understand. In addition, he says that the patients’ conditions may facilitate higher levels of uncertainty to the extent of not differentiating illness-related events. These results imply that psychological science can play a significant role in passing information regarding genomic sequencing. However, the process is faced by a number of factors and, therefore, the greatest task is to improve the systems through which the communication will take place.

The researcher finds the application of psychological science as an important phenomenon in genetic counseling. However, he notices that this field has not had the full potential to streamline effectively all the processes that are required to be conducted. He points out a few of the areas that should be improved so that efficiency can be achieved. He further recommends on the need to improve the clinical specialists’ knowledge so that the passage of information and other communication requirements can be carried out more efficiently.

The field of psychology is advancing, and efficiency will be necessary for its full potential to be realized; more research will need to be conducted to ensure that there is sustainability of the field as a whole. The results are significant since to a greater extent, they give recommendations on what should be done so that the psychological process can be transformed and become more efficient. If all the changes are applied, the entire field will get better, providing adequate patient experience while enhancing the smooth flow of useful clinical information.

Social Justice

The topic revolves around the ethical aspect of psychology among learners of various disciplines in schools. Its primary focus lies in the manner in which various ethical research practices are given to different categories of students while, for others, they are not given, solely based on the discipline. For this case, psychology learners rarely cover ethics-related units in their studies, while their peers in other fields have it as a complete unit. For this reason, the topic’s main focus is on affording justice in terms of providing the necessary ethical knowledge to the group that does it as a complete course while doing away with the usual practices that serve to derail excellent practice in the field of psychology.

Hypothesis

The researcher’s primary concern lies on the observation that despite ethics being an important field of psychology, it rarely counts in adding to the professionalism of an individual, rather it is a uniform code of professional practice that can be learned through practice or as a unit at school. The implication looks at the diverse existence of ethics in relation to professional disciplines. Therefore, the researcher seeks to establish the ethical effects that result from epistemological foundations that form the basis of major disciplines in psychology.

Throughout the research work, the researcher’s expectations were to establish any ethical implications on the basis of various values, facts, as well as, beliefs using articles that had the analysis. This research’s basis is to identify the ethical effects.

To test the hypothesis, the researcher conducts a brief analysis of each of four articles by different authors with the aim of identifying the differences between facts and values with regards to disciplinary psychology. The materials contain research concerning the ethical decision-making in relation to psychology. Further, in the articles, the authors have analyzed different APA and CPA codes, an undertaking that will play a significant part towards the practical analysis of the hypothesis. Finally, the researcher establishes some of the features that distinguish various ethical considerations in psychology from natural science.

From the research conducted, the researcher’s finding is the fact that ethics in decision-making processes is entirely different from the disciplinary view. It is more of a social process whose occurrence can to some extent be attributed to the level of experience as well as the exposure to different psychological experts, and specialists in other psychology-related fields. Further, the codes that are provided by various psychological bodies often fail to provide a comprehensive definition of social justice. Therefore, in the field of psychology, ethical behavior can arguably be attributed to social responsibility through designing proper systems and strategies that are aimed at advancing the welfare of every member of the society. The implication derived from these results is that ethical decision-making differs from the multi-disciplinary approach of various professions. It requires no particular insights as to training so as to achieve an extra scale of qualification; rather it involves a free process that is dependent on the exposure to experience and proper consultation.

The author identifies a number of insights covering various ethical ideologies in psychology. Most importantly, he has identified ethical decision-making as a unique process that considers a number of different parties. For instance, in research, different parties may be involved. However, they are bound to apply outdated decision-making approaches, starting with the researcher. For this reason, the ecological aspect of decision-making could be more relevant for research processes. The findings imply that the insights ought to be implemented as a matter of enhancing the delivery of ethical decision-making processes. In addition, it is important for a researcher to conduct an analytical examination of his research activities with the primary objective of establishing if classical approaches towards decision-making are being applied in his research processes.

The field of psychology is growing, and decent approaches to ethical decision-making ought to be applied so as to enhance better services and specialization. Therefore, applying the researcher’s insights in real-life would give a better understanding of the requirements of the field in as much as psychology is concerned. In addition, recognizing the benefits of ethical decision-making in psychology would play a significant role in boosting its growth and appreciating its interconnections with various interdisciplinary considerations.

Limitations

The researcher failed to factor in other considerations that may contest the already available idea. This would have the advantage of bringing in different thoughts and ideologies that may provide a contesting point while seeking to understand who brings out a justifiable reasoning and the kind of ideologies that they provide for the study to remain more compelling.



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