Wimax A Metropolitan Technology

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Mobile broadband technology is rapidly becoming a reality. Today's internet generation has grown accustomed to a technologically-driven world that offers wireless broadband access wherever they go. Three wireless broadband platforms wirelessly deliver information to the technically-minded individuals. WiFi, WiMax, and WiBro offer individuals and organization the ability to unplug from the grid and work anywhere at any time.

WiFi Broadband

WiFi allows fast wireless-networking that is reasonably easy and inexpensive to implement. WiFi allows consumers wireless internet access within an effective distance of 10 to 50 meters. This access is contingent upon access to broadband cable internet access.

WiFi uses stationary wireless hotspots or wireless routers to access the internet. These hotspots and wireless routers depend on a hard-wire connection to the internet. Hotspots are a key component to WiFi and the internet connection cannot be established without access to a hotspots. A WiFi user must be in range of a particular hotspots to utilize that hotspot's internet access; however, if the user moves from one hotspot to another, he or she must join the new hotspot or access the new WiFi signal by entering the required security codes.

WiFi depends on existing WPA and WEP security standards, which allow data to be securely transmitted; however, data is transmitted with low-level security protection. WiFi utilizes WPA and WPA2 security protocol. Although secure, it still allows encrypted data to be deciphered.

Individuals and businesses of all sizes use WiFi networks due to low cost wireless LANs and Internet Access. The cost-saving advantage of WiFi makes it very cost effective; however, the broadband connection is limited and all users connected to the hotspots share the connection. Thus, connectivity speeds are dependent to the number of users and the data transmission of each user.

WiFi access distance is quite low and WiFi does not allow the user to be mobile, moving at exceedingly low speeds. WiFi does not require an extensive amount of training. The technology is simply plug-n-play. Most people possess some knowledge about setting up and maintaining a WiFi device. The purchaser of a WiFi device is supplied with an instruction manual at the time of purchase. If support is necessary, a majority of the companies distributing WiFi devices offer free technical support. The utilization of WiFi for larger firms will involve a department or consultant who establishes and maintains a WiFi broadband system.

WiMax

WiMax stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. WiMax is a popular term for IEEE Standard 802.16, known as the Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems. WiMax allows for wireless access in areas where broadband wireless access does not exist and it can have a wireless range of up to 31 miles. WiMax allows direct access to the internet or broadband access through inter-connected access points, which create a large scale network.

WiMax is a metropolitan technology whose objective is to interconnect houses, buildings or even hot spots to relay communication between them and with the remainder of the networks. WiMax utilizes the 802.16 WiMax depends a WiMax-specific antenna that can beam a high-speed internet signal between a home or business and a stationary WiMax base station. WiMax depends on stationary antenna, where both the transmitting and receiving antenna are not moving or moving at speeds under 3 mph. A WiMax signal can be relayed from the WiMax antenna to multiple devices that are connected to a router. In order to obtain WiMax wireless broadband service, a user must establish an account with a WiMax service provider. When a WiMax user leaves the range of one antenna and enters the range of a new antenna, the change, unlike WiFi, is automatic.

WiMax utilizes the 802.16 specification, which provides robust security and quality of service features that support voice and video. It utilizes triple-DES and RAS security protocol to protect data transmissions. This high-level security protocol provides an extremely high level of data encryption and protection.

WiMax is designed to optimal performance in all kinds of propagation environments and to even provide robust performances in difficult cases, transmissions and to reduce multi-path effects result from the reflections. WiMax has a range of up to 30 miles, but is heavily dependent upon special antennae, which allow the reception and transmission of data. Mobility acts as an advantage of Wimax technology. WiMax cannot maintain a broadband connection while moving at medium to high speeds while maintaining an internet signal.

WiMax requires individuals and organizations to become familiar with the emerging

technology. The necessary training cannot be determined at this time; although, with each new technology comes a learning curve. Knowledge about WiMax technology, for the most part, will depend on the device. Handheld device and laptops will be plug-n play. Setting a WiMax radio antenna for a large organization will require greater expertise.

WiBro

WiBro is commonly known as the South Korean cousin of WiMax. WiBro is a high-speed technology that is comparable with WiMax. WiBro gets users online wirelessly even in vehicles moving at speeds of up to 75 mpg. WiBro has the ability to provide city-wide service. WiBro is the wireless broadband standard in South Korea. Beyond South Korea, international integration of WiBro has slowly expanded, with WiBro technology acting as the major wireless broadband internet service provider in developing countries.

The WiBro technology operates in a similar fashion to WiMax, with a range of up to 0.5 miles. WiBro technology can work with devices such as laptops and handhelds, which are traveling up to 35 mph. WiBro is quite mobile and can be accessed while the user travels from one location to another. WiBro allows multiple users to connect to each signal-transmitting tower. In order to connect to a WiBro tower, the user must have the integrated systems architecture to communicate on the WiBro bandwidth. When a WiBro user leaves the transmission range of one WiBro antenna for another WiBro antenna, the change is automatic and unnoticeable. Multiple service providers provide WiBro broadband access.

WiBro utilizes hyper-encryption technology that allows the mobile device to share k-specific information with the WiBro radio access station. This type of data encryption provides a random encryption string to the broadcaster and the recipient, which creates a one-time communication environment, which provides high level communication protocol security. This level of wireless broadband security is currently unsurpassed.

WiBro's greatest asset is mobility. WiBro's unfortunate weakness is that 67% of its users still rely on hardwire broadband connections for a majority of broadband connectivity. WiBro provides accessibility anywhere and at any time. WiBro broadband technology frees its users from the confounds of wired broadband technology. WiBro has the ability to stream video, data, and voice to any WiBro-enables device within the WiBro network. WiBro, however, does have some limitations. WiBro has a very limited data transmission range and WiBro does not have the provide the same performance as hard-wired connectivity. In fact, hardwire broadband connections provide significantly higher performance standards and faster video download speeds than WiBro.

WiBro technology requires an individuals and organizations to acquire little technical knowledge. WiBro is also plug-n-play technology. Many WiBro devices work right out of the box and do not require any advance technological knowledge. In South Korea and Brazil, individuals and organizations still depend on hard-wire broadband connections. WiBro merely offers mobility, but WiBro speeds compare with fast WiFi. Large WiBro networks are complicated and require expertise.

Topic 2

Dynamic DNS or DDNS is a method of updating, in real time, a Domain Name System (DNS) to point to a changing IP address on the Internet. This is used to provide a persistent domain name for a resource that may change location on the network.

The benefits of using Dynamic DNS for users that do not have statically assigned IP addresses are quite important in that they are able to host their own websites, IRC / chat servers and other such services, even mail servers. Unfortunately hosting DNS with a dynamic IP address is not possible and having Dynamic DNS services to your IP address still cannot help with that as DNS servers are accessible via their IP address and not via an FQDN.

Users with static IP addresses are always better off not using DynamicDNS, instead they should configure direct DNS services to point to their address. Dynamic DNS requires a large amount of polling and a low threshold of DNS cache expiry in order to recover from changes to the underlying IP address.

Microsoft's development of the Active Directory integrated (ADI) primary DNS zone has some incredible benefits such as built-in recovery, scalability and performance. When DNS and Active Directory are integrated, the Active Directory-integrated zones are replicated and stored on any new domain controllers automatically. Synchronization takes place automatically when new domain controllers are deployed. In an ADI primary zone, rather than keeping the old zone file on a disk, the DNS records are stored in the AD, and Active Directory replication is used rather than the old problematic zone transfer. If all DNS servers were to die or become inaccessible, you could simply install DNS on any domain controller (DC) in the domain. The records would be automatically populated and your DNS server would be up without the messy import/export tasks of standard DNS zone files.