The History Of The Sensor Networks

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Authors’ surveyed the supply and demand of the electricity in districts of Kolhapur and Sangli. The designed the questionnaire including irrigation system and electricity schemes. They collected and analyzed the data. They showed that the lack of electricity hampers the yield of agriculture sectors in both the districts.

The researcher presented a universal application-based three-layer logic model general which had a good implementation and scalability; and gives some key issues and their resolutions appeared in the processes of system design and development [24].

The Researchers proposed a new intrusion detection system based on the physical layers, Mac layers, the network layer and the cross layer interface between them. They experimentally evaluated the system using NS simulator. They alerts single interference detection and therefore do not discussed solutions to handle intrusions. They demonstrated Simulation results provided for detection and prevention of various interference types [28].

Researchers used ZigBee technology to construct network sensor of wireless and network of actor technology. Several intelligent services based on ZigBee wireless network of sensor and actor technology shown to confirm the dependability of the communication network. With this network, robot shared the mass information in the intelligent space and improved its performance with "light-packs", devices in intelligent space, such as lamp, curtain was controlled autonomously [34].

The researchers developed a multi-hop routing technique which handles many of the wireless sensor networks challenges such as enlarging lifetime and shortening the delay and constitutes a full solution for them. Through Simulation results they shown that the proposed protocol can give reasonable average round delay compared with other techniques and prolongs the network lifetime. They used clustered - ring topologies which made the proposed technique fault tolerant, simple and applicable in wireless sensor network [38].

Researchers were given brief outline of sensor networks of wireless technology in observation of precision agriculture to indicate the water level. The algorithm picks

Up the water level indicators and scene forth optimized the algorithm and further go ahead to flat delivery of packet data [41].

The authors provided the two simple, inexpensive systems use electrical resistance measurements useful, immediate information to assist decisions made on irrigation water application. They used a microprocessor-based circuit coupled to a progranunable calculator. The microprocessor-based circuit measured and stored the resistance of four gypsum blocks once a day [42].

The authors proved that the use of capsule fertilizer saves the water. Pellet fertilizer is slow and nonstop nutrient release. Due to this fertilizer the plants grow and achieve the various stages of their growth [44].

The proposed security framework viz. ‘Secure and Hierarchical, a Routing Protocol’ (SHARP) was designed for the wireless sensor network applications which was deployed particularly for data collection purpose in a battlefield where the security aspect of the network cannot be compromised at any cost. SHARP consists of three basic integrated modules and each module performs a well defined task to make the whole security framework a complete system on its own [54].

Nowadays, there is a significant improvement in technology regarding healthcare. Real-time monitoring systems increase the value of a life of long-suffering persons as well as the performance of hospitals and healthcare centers. Researchers presented an implementation of a designed framework of a telemetry system using ZigBee technology for automatic and real-time monitoring of Biomedical signals [62].

The authors described the availability of pulses, demand projections in different timeframes, future challenges, and technology drivers for increasing pulse production in the country. They suggested the scheme for achieving self-sufficiency in pulses by 2050 [68].

The researchers represented a complete key management solution and applied to LEACH or any similar protocol. They adopted the pair-wise key predistribution to provide WSN with different level of security. They focused on how to achieve the highest possible level of security by applying new key management technique that can be used during communications of sensor networks of wireless technology. They take efforts on a particular type of architecture that have been proposed to cluster hierarchy of sensor networks of wireless technology and selected one of the major remarkable protocols that have been proposed for this kind of architecture, which is LEACH [70].

The researchers categorized the routing protocols in the wireless sensor networks interested in location based, hierarchical based and data-centric based on the wireless sensor networks. They epitomized the logic behind the protocols followed by the advantages and constraints. They also mentioned the possible application domain of the protocols and scope for improvement in the future. They presented a assessment of the wireless sensor networks of the modern techniques of routing under all the three categories [71].

The authors developed a simple and economical irrigation system appropriate for greenhouse growing of high-value crops. They conducted experiment, 2008 at Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey. They used Data acquisition and the microcontroller (programmable integrated circuit-pic16f84) [74].

Authors presented the automatic irrigation system with the use of low cost sensors and the simple circuitry. They developed closed loop irrigation system and successfully implemented along with flow sensor and temperature sensor [78].

For reducing the number of times, the period of a time slot, to be in active mode, a node has to get up to reduce the energy consumption. They proved that the time delay can be reduced to a small extent [87].

The authors explored the milk production in India. They studied the milk production in the Sangli district. They explored the socio-economic profile of the milk producing farmers in the Sangli district and represented the SWOT analysis [89].

The researchers discussed some issues of cloud computing & sensor network. Since Cloud computing provides plenty of application, platforms and infrastructure over the Internet; it may combined with Sensor network in the application areas such as environmental monitoring, weather forecasting, transportation business, healthcare, military application etc. The clouding computing is the best solution to bring different sensor networks of wireless technology under one roof and observing single virtual sensor networks of wireless technology [90].

The authors investigated the general general rice state of affairs in the country of Bangladesh. They have very limited awareness about the organic rice. They investigated the consumers and farmers were conscious about risks of chemical compounds.They expected an increase in the marketing of organic rice in both domestic and overseas market with the introduction of organic rice cultivation technology and the assurance of some relevant factors (like price and quality) [92].

Integrating the cryptographic functions into a system is one of the very critical essentials of the keys to secure the management. Researchers investigated the advantages and disadvantages of current secure schemes. They provided the different techniques of efficient key management operations for secure communications in WSN [98].

The researchers reviewed the different hardware and software components needed to successfully set up sensor network of a wireless multimedia and a introduction setup is designed for a small-scale WMSN in an academic research environment. They also outlined the procedure to implement the WMSN system architecture. The image is captured with the help of a digital camera on the computer module in air condition. Paper with the sensor node configuration is explained using the camera resolution and the visibility of the digital camera [99].

The researchers used Genetic algorithm with elitism concept to obtain energy efficient routing by minimizing the path length and thus maximizing the life of the network. Their proposed algorithm has its inherent advantage that it keeps the elite solutions in the next generation so as to quickly converge towards the global optima. The results showed that GAs are efficient for finding the optimal energy constrained route as they can converge faster than other traditional methods used for combinatorial optimization problems [103].