Contrast The Os That Are Available Computer Science Essay

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

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INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

COURSE: DIT SEMESTER 6

SUBJECT: OPERATING SYSTEM

NAME: MARIA FATIMA BUDIONGAN

IC / PASSPORT NO: EB6118668

INDEX NO: KL103454

BATCH: 1119

EXAMINATION TERM: T12013

CAMPUS: PENANG

WORD COUNT: 2, 301

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Question 1………………………………………………………………………..... 3

Introduction………………………………………………………………………....4

Answer…………………………………………………………………………….. 5

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….... 9

Question 2………………………………………………………………………… 10

Introduction………………………………………………………………………. .11

Answer…………………………………………………………………………… 12

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….. 14

Reference………………………………………………………………………… 15

QUESTION 1

Compare and contrast the OS that are available in market today.

INTRODUCTION

An Operating System or simply abbreviated as OS is a program that takes control with all other program. It is a basic program that is initially loaded onto a computer. The loading process is called booting. There are lots of OS available in the market but the most popular are Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, and Android. OS does not have much difference after the level of development, distribution, and hardware platform and application purposes.

ANSWER

Windows

It is personal computer operating system from Microsoft. It has become a standard for the users and most commonly together with Microsoft word and Excel which are business applications. Many of the Graphical User Interface of known as GUI was introduced by the original version of 1985 Windows. It was introduced to home and business PC users. The GUI ideas were commercially introduced by Apple’ Lisa and Macintosh computers. It was developed at an experimental lab at Xerox.

Linux

The correct name of this operating system is GNU/Linux but it is known and most commonly called as Linux. It manages a computer and most likely similar to Microsoft Windows, but it is entirely free. Linux is actually not a company product but a number of companies. As a matter of fact, GNU/Linux system is a centre component that is divided into varieties of products. They are called distributions. Distributions have made big changes in Linux’s appearance and function. They are ranking from large fully supported complete systems to small that will be able to fit on a Universal Serial Bus memory stick or mostly known as USB memory stick or will be able to run on old computers.

Mac OS

It is the computer operating system that is design for Apple Computer’s Macintosh. The latest version of it is Mac OS X which was popularized because of its feature. It was popularized by its desktop interface that displays characters in 3D. Mac OS X runs UNIX applications and also the older Mac applications.

Comparison

Threats

It is mainly being said that Computers commonly encounter viruses but Linux and Macs do not get it. That statement is not true because just like Windows, Mac OS X is weak when it comes to viruses. Windows seems to be weaker because there are more viruses programmed for it but it does not mean that it is really weaker. Mac OS X does not seem to have viruses because hackers do not think that making viruses for it is worthy because only few people owns Mac unlike Windows, many people use it. Hence, there is no much reason to program a virus for a Mac. There is Mac viruses and it can affect a Mac system just like how windows viruses could affect a windows system. There is no system that cannot be hacked or have a virus. Linux systems have a few viruses too.

The truth has been said that it makes the Windows system less sensitive to viruses than it seems to be.

Constancy

Most people are saying that Mac OS X is the most constant Operating system and never crash and now could be said about Windows 7. The fact is that Windows 7 is the most constant Windows operating system ever. Mac OS X could crash often just like Windows OS. As a matter of fact, when running software that was not approved by Apple such as Adobe Flash, Mac OS X crashes even more. Steve Jobs himself said that Macs can crash a lot. The well-known Blue Screen of Death or abbreviated as BSOD on Windows is a misinterpretation from older Windows 9x systems. Constancy became an issue during Windows 9x series. On the other hand, Operating system became more constant and blue screens are uncommon now after switching to Windows NT systems. What Windows 9x had been an issue and Apple and other Apple users are using its history to against Windows even though it is not being used anymore and it does not affect modern Windows systems anymore. Linux does not crash as much as Windows and Mac OS X do. It is called Kernel Panic when Linux crashes.

Hardware

Windows and Linux do not really have much difference when it comes to hardware. In here, you are able to choose where you want to install your Operating System. There are lots of options from manufacturers like Asus, Acer, Dell, HP, Lenovo, and many more. But for Mac OS X, you can only install it in Apple as it locks users to Apple hardware. Using the same hardware qualifications, a Windows PC is actually cheaper comparing to Apple Mac. In Mac, you are not able to upgrade the hardware as it will void the warranty.

Software Library

In any other Operating System, Windows Operating System has the largest software library. It means most of programs, applications and games are designed for Windows. Most productivity suites are always available on Windows first like Microsoft Office and will be available on Mac OS X afterwards. Many programs are designed for Windows exclusively. If you like to play games, you will need good hardware and to play more games, you will need Windows. There are lots of Computer games that are designed for Windows computer. There are only a few games that run on Mac or Linux, unlike Windows that has a new line of games called Games for Windows that is visibly designed for Windows. There are also many games that are designed for Windows.

Usage

It is not true that Mac OS X is better and more common for video editing because most video editing programs that are multi-platform which means it work on Windows and Mac OS X. Linux may be a less favoured exception.

Video editing programs work on Windows and Mac OS X like Sony Vegas, Adobe Premiere, Autodesk Avid and many more. Final Cut Pro is the only outstanding video editing program in Mac OS X. Windows is certainly the main stand when it comes to application and software development including game development. Newer programs and more common programs that are for Windows use programming languages to write program such as Visual Basic and C#. While, some of other languages like Java and C++ work on Mac OS X and Linux.

Moreover, you would be able to run Windows software on other operating systems like Linux using Wine software. You can run and install files using Wine as same as it runs in Windows.

Linux’s server systems accounts for over 60%. Nevertheless, Windows is also common for server usage depending on preference and an amount of resources someone is having.

Mac OS X has a server edition too but it is not that well-known and is barely being used because of its cost. Apple software and hardware are mostly overpriced and very expensive.

CONCLUSION

I therefore conclude that commonly suggested for most users that do not really have specific needs is Windows. Windows Operating System and Linux have the largest software library and it can be install in same hardware, whereas Mac Operating System X need specify hardware. Graphical User Interface or abbreviated as GUI is available in all the operating system but Mac Operating System X is most suitable for multimedia designing. Even Linux is an open source operating system but it is not user friendly and to use the Linux Operating System, user must have a basic programming knowledge. Mostly Mac Operating System is very expensive comparing to Windows Operating System because it needs specify hardware. Therefore, in comparison of this GNU/Linux Operating System, Mac Operating system and Windows Operating System, Windows is the best Operating System because it is user friendly and its cheap comparing to other operating systems.

QUESTION 2

Compare and contrast a Virtual Memory with Paging and Virtual Memory with Segmentation.

Explain about interrupt process.

INTRODUCTION

Virtual memory is a feature of an Operating System (OS) that uses a memory address in a process which is independent of other processes running in the same system. It uses a larger space than the actual amount of RAM represent, consigning some contents from RAM to a disk for the mean time with little or no overhead.

ANSWER

Segmentation and Paging

Similarities

Segmentation and Paging involve splitting up primary memory into smaller sections. Both try to maximize RAM.

Segmentation is involved with loading programs into memory. It does not require loading all the programs at once. Only part of the program is possible to load into primary memory and extra codes that are required in a particular time will be called. For example, Dynamic Link Libraries will be stored on the hard disk for the mean time until an executing program calls up the file or data into main memory.

On the other hand, paging is trying to make use of the RAM optimise. It puts unused pages onto the hard disk as virtual memory. In both cases, only part of the code needs to be running in RAM.

In order to access seldom used cods, both techniques need to make use of indexing.

Pages do not need to be in sequence or by number. As a matter of fact, this would be very unusual case. For example, it is not a must for the starting address of page 905 to be next to the starting address of page 906. They could be anywhere in the memory. Similarly, program segments can be broken up into non-contiguous memory addresses. Whether it is not in sequence, the memory manager should make it appear in Operating System that it is in sequence.

Differences

Segments can be in any size while pages are having a fixed size.

Pages are smaller than segments.

Pages being not in sequence do not really affect the performance of the computer. Segments prefer to be in one piece within memory because of the performance reasons. If the segments would not be in one piece then, to manage the application, the memory manager would have to work harder. Fragmentation of segments affects performance.

Interrupt Process

An Interrupt is a signal that is being sent, stop the operation or any transaction and figure out what to do next. Most of large computers today starts down the list of computer instructions in one program. It will keep on running the instructions until either they cannot go any further or an interrupt signal is sensed. Once the interrupt is sensed, the computer may begin running another program or continue with the program that it was running.

CONCLUSION

I therefore conclude that Virtual memory with Paging and Virtual memory with segmentation does not have much of difference but more on similarities. And Interrupt process has actually two types. These are Software interrupt and Hardware interrupt. Software interrupt is while running a program and an interrupt comes then; it will save the process first, paused the process and attend the interrupt. Once, the interrupt is done the program will resume again. Hardware interrupt is that while running a program and interrupt comes, it will attend the program without stopping and affecting the program.