An Organizations Decision Support System

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

DBMS access a database.

Reference a schema to find where to access the requested data in relation to another piece of data.

Create:

Data definition language (DDL) responsible to describe the data and relationship that contained in the schema.

Data dictionary function as describe all data by creating a database.

Update (store and retrieve)

Acts as an interface between an application program and the database (Stair & Reynolds, 2012).

Manipulate and generate

Data manipulation language (DML) used to manipulate databases.

DBMS allow managers to make queries, modify data and generate report.

The following are examples of database applications that used in our everyday lives:

Accounting system

Automated teller machine

Airline reservation system

The major components of DBMS play as important role in DBMS environment.

Software

Control overall database

Network software used to share the data among multiple users.

2. Hardware

Computer, storage devices and I/O channel are the important hardware to carry out business activities.

3. Data

DBMS responsible process data to and from database such as create read and update data.

SQL used to access data

4. Procedures

The instruction and rules help to design database and use DBMS such as install, backup, change structure of database and generate report.

5. User

Database Administrator responsible to control all activities that related to database management system.

1960’s; Hierarchical DBMS

International Business Machine (IBM) had the first model of DBMS, developed on IBM 360 and their model was called Information Management System (IMS), originally it was written for the Apollo program. This type of DBMS had the shape was like a tree. The benefits were numerous; less redundant data, data independence, and security and integrity. Nonetheless it had disadvantages like complex implementation and management.

1970's; Network DBMS

Charles Bachmann developed first DBMS at Honeywell, Integrated Data Store (IDS) then a group called CODASYL had that system standardized. The main disadvantage was that the System was complex and difficult to design and maintenance.

1970-1990; Relational DBMS

In 1970’s, Edgar Codd, a computer scientist at IBM who created a Relational DBMS which organize body of data into a simple table of related information. All tables are connected by one to one, one to many, or many to many relationships.

Nowadays, database applications can searching, filtering, synthesizing and assimilating data into useful information. Those applications allow users to set up data warehouse and marts, use online processing, develop databases with object-oriented approach and use unstructured data. The following are examples of the uses of databases:

Real world application

examples

Banking

Save customer records, accounts, loans, and transactions.

Finance and Accounting

Storing information about sales, purchases of stocks and bonds for online trading.

Online billing and invoicing.

Quickbooks

Telecommunication

Store information about the communication network, telephone numbers, record of calls for generating monthly bills.

Credit card transactions

Keep track of purchases on credit cards to generate monthly statements.

Airlines and railways

Use online databases for reservation and displaying the schedule information.

Education

For course registration, exam result, and schedule.

E-commerce

Provide product catalogs that allow customers to search products and for store owners to manage product information by online.

Online shopping, booking of holiday package, and consulting a doctor.

Health care information systems

Save and update the patient health care details.

Digital libraries and digital publishing

Used for management and delivery of large bodies of textual and multimedia data.

Sales

Store product, price, customer and transaction details.

Microbiz

Human resources

Figure 3 Examples of the uses of databases application

Storing information about employees, salaries, benefits, taxes, and for generating salary checks.

There are some examples of application of data mining.

Marketer can target the needs of customer by analyzing data about customer buying pattern and preference.

Telephone company always keep track customer billing data to identify the customer who spend more than monthly billing data and sell those customer additional service.

Retailer use knowledge of shopper buying pattern to improve the placement of the items in the layout of web page or catalog page. For example, Amazon.com is the one of the larger online store which recording the activities of shopper for improvement.

It functions as provide business users multidimensional view to make an analysis of business condition. It is difficult to make analysis when too much data are brought together into data warehouse. Data marts separated out from the main body of data in the data warehouse.

The function of object-oriented database is to store data from a variety of media resources and produce output in multimedia format

 The following are some visions towards the future of DBMS:

New database models will be introduced based on business needs with little frequency.

In 2016, Oracle 17-3d may introduce the time dimension to database management which allowing three-dimensional data representation.

In 2018, Oracle Corporation will introduce Internet Appliances (IA) to replace personal computer, all database software is accessible only through internet.

Future databases will have to integrate sensors in attached to external stimuli and they must incorporate the notion of signal processing together with data processing.

Adaptability to users is an area of future development, which will call for models of user behavior based on their psychological underpinnings. User interaction data will have to be archived and processed with technologies such as clustering, classification and data mining at large, which will allow us to understand the users better and adapt the content and display of information in real time.

It is conceivable that as a "standard" repertoire of functions, database systems may have to offer information requests that require processing of "looks like", "feels like", or "smells like" type of processing. This requires natural language and speech understanding, understanding of a variety of image formats from a range of application domains. The field of "intelligent databases" seems wide open and is only limited by the types and forms of intelligence we may want to bring into the database functionality.

The future security of database is needed to be stronger to prevent every type of viruses and hackers.

Overall, database management system is very useful for business activities and everyday life. A well-designed of database help an organization to generate information in order to reduce cost, increase profits, track past activities, open new market opportunities and help them to make a good decision. Hopefully, the database management system can be invented to function amazingly and access information efficiently and effectively in the next few years.