The Republic Of Indonesia

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Total population

248,219,189 (248.6 million)

Males

114,805,139 (49.96%)

Females

115,157536 (50.12%)

Population growth rate

1.04%

Birth rate

17.76 births/1000 population

Death Rate

6.28 deaths/1000 population

Net migration rate

-1.08 migrants/1000 population

Urban Population

45% of total population

Rate of urbanization

1.7% annual rate of change

This table provides figures calculate approximately from the World Development Indicator (WDI) is of the survey based on data and figures from population. The total population depicts on the whole measure of the possible impact of the country on the world and inside its territory.

The population growth rate is a reason in determining how large a problem possibly forced on a country as a result of the varying requirements of its people intended for infrastructure includes schools, hospitals, roads and railing networks, and resources consist of foodstuff, water, electrical energy and jobs etc.

The table also shows the average annual number of births and deaths throughout a year per 1,000 people in the population. The birth rate is typically a main reason in deciding the rate of population growth and the figure shows that death rate is considerably affected with age distribution. The urban population of Indonesia and rate of urbanization is also shown in table.

Table.2

Characteristics

Facts and Figures

Age of total population

71.62 years

Male

66.08 years

Female

74.29 years

Table.2.1

Age structure (years)

Total

Male

Female

0-14

27.3%

35,995,919

34,749,582

15-64

66.5%

80,796,709

80,754,238

65 and above

6.1%

5,737,470

7,418,730

The tables above give the division of the population in accordance with age. Facts and figures is included in the tables by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). Countries with high percentage of young populations (below age 15) should invest maximum in schools, while countries with high percentage of older populations (65 and over) should invest extra in the health sector.

Table.3

Ethnic groups

Percentage of total population (%)

Javanese

40.6

Sundanese

15

Madurese

3.3

Minangkabau

2.7

Betawi

2.4

Bugis

2.4

Banten

2

Banjar

1.7

Other or unspecified

29.9

The table shows a prearranged list of ethnic groups begins with the largest and generally includes the percentage of total population.

Table.4

Religions

Percentage of total population (%)

Muslims

88

Protestants

5

Roman Catholic

3

Hindu

2

Other or Unspecified

1

Buddhist

1

The table above shows ordered lists of religions begins with the largest percentage of religion and also include the percent of total population.

Table.5

Characteristics

Literacy rate (%)

Total population

90.4

Male

94

Female

86.8

The table above shows literacy rate in percentages for the total population, males, and females. As per the definition of literacy that is age of 15 and above can read and write or the ability, skills or aptitude to read and write at a particular age. At lowest point of literacy and education on the whole, it can barely slow down the economic development of a country in the up to date speedily shifting, technology-driven world.

Languages

The Government site of Indonesia illustrates that there are more than 70 languages spoken in the country and they usually belong to the different ethnic groups of the total population.

Some of the local languages includes: Acehnese, Sundanese, Javanese, Sasak, Dayak, Minahasa, Toraja, Halmahera, Ambonese, and Several Irianese languages.

Moreover, these languages are also spoken in different phrasing and all of the above languages ‘Bahasa Indonesia’ is the national language of Indonesia. English is considered the most prevailing foreign language in Indonesia. In addition, Dutch is spoken and understood in bigger cities of Indonesia.

Culture

The Indonesia culture is as energetic and flexible as its environment and natural beauty. The richness in Indonesian traditions is because of the influence of the different neighboring countries and especially its own ethnic culture. The active history of Indonesia has persuaded the development of a lot of unique cultures. In Javanese, People speaks two different languages when they speak to a boss and then to a child.

Nowadays, the country upholds its own cultural prosperity. Together with harmony and traditional values to society's set of laws, praise and respect for the person is the root of Indonesian culture. Indonesians give importance and devotion to family and friends above all. They Shake-hands and propose a slight nod while meeting for the first time to a person and after the first meeting, a handshake is not necessary as greeting. Indonesians have norms and values in their culture as they meet people with ‘Selamat’ that means peace.

Moreover, the society itself educates some norms and values to them. For instance; pointing a person with index figure creates a bad impression on others so they used to point someone with their thumb. They considered left hand unclean, so they do not touch food, give or receive anything from left hand.

Culture Variation

As Indonesia is extremely diverse country and all provinces has its own language, ethnic structure, beliefs and history. Besides there are various cultural that influences from difference in tradition. For that reason, Indonesian society is a mixture of different cultures belongs to Chinese, European, Indian, and Malay. The majority of citizens describe themselves locally before nationally, they are in a habit of defining themselves according to their ethnic group, folks and family. Because of the presence of diversity in Indonesian society there exists a sturdy pull that drags people towards their ethnic group.

Health System of Indonesia

Introduction to Health System

In Indonesia, healthcare is managed at the public or national level, provincial or regional levels, and at district levels. The Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia sets up nationwide healthcare policies (health insurance policies) and establishes authorized standards for healthcare services. Indonesia's healthcare services include government healthcare services, overseas aids, NGOs (non-profit health organizations), and the private sector health system.

Generally the government healthcare system has three major levels:

Minister of National or Public Health.

Provincial or Private Level Health.

District or Regional Level Health.

On the other hand, in rural areas medical facilities are limited, in urgent situation services are especially rare, and there is very fewer numbers of doctors providing services there and same goes for medical or health-check facilities. Well-resourced hospitals are very rare in rural areas. At the regional or provincial level, the Health offices support the work of the district level and public health administrator that manages health resources all over the province. While, the District level health office takes provincial guidelines then directs it to local public health center, for instance vaccination of infectious disease and standardize the food or drug industries.

There were some reports highlighting health care issues and failure of Indonesia’s Health care system that have an effect on millions. Considering the measurements of the last two decades, that showed zero or low performance of the health system for the reason that there was low level of public financial support for health system. The World Bank investigation shows that public funding was less than 0.5% of GDP between the years 1991 and 1999. Columnists say Ministry of Health has spend 7 years planning a new universal healthcare statement, though it has faced delays because financial arrangements are not being met, budgets or some technical problems occur. The World Bank report demonstrated huge distinction in health system efficiency for the year 2006-07. The complete decentralization put into practice in 2001 that revealed its various impacts on the overall health system. Under decentralization process, the responsibility for health care requirements is basically in the hands of district level governments.

Division in Health System

In Indonesia, People can have health care facilities that can be provided to them through both public and private health care system. Public health care is normally provided by the government through state healthcare systems. Private health care is usually provided through private hospitals and clinics, whereas private health care also includes non-profit organizations or NGOs. However, people using private health care think that public health care benefiting poor people the most.

Usually, it has been observed that majority of the people who support the private health care sector, for the reason that it provides health care in areas where the public sector has completely failed or destroyed. People in Indonesia are more inclined towards private health care and they suggested that the private sector is more efficient, well-organized and quick in respond to patient’s requirements because of competition with other private hospitals or clinics providing same services in market as well. A public health care supporter taking public health facility is because he cannot afford to pay for private health services. And that is the reason why Indonesia's health check care facilities are ranked much lower as compared to other developed countries. If someone got badly ill, he would rather go to Singapore or Bangkok for his treatment.

Cost of Health Care

The worth of public health care system in Indonesia is not up to the mark; therefore people look forward to Europe or South America’s health systems and want to get treatment from there with the aim to pay high price. However, private health care in Indonesia is costly or expensive as compare to public medical care. Seeing that health care services in Indonesia are limited and local medical care is not up to the standards therefore poor are inclined to go private which is comparatively expensive because they do not have alternative option of getting treatment.

One of the major drawbacks of health system of Indonesia is that there is no emergency medical service all over the country. Although Public hospitals have ambulances but the staff they employed and equipment or tools they used are not mainly of a high standard. Secondly, the major problem with healthcare in Indonesia is that poor or rural people are not so much financially strong to get the health care that they need. A lack of government support and financial support gives you an idea that lower class Indonesians is not capable to meet the expenses treatment. It is hard to say that health care in Indonesia is costly or expensive, if put side by side to other Asian and European countries in terms of health care facilities then it is not that expensive; though quality value health care is nearly inaccessible for the local population.

Health Insurances

Unlike developed countries UK, USA etc, Indonesia does not have a health insurance policies or retirement plans that provides insurance to the total population. Citizens who do not have any kind facility receiving from the government public security, they have to pay for health care themselves.

However, refugees are insured through their company’s employer health assurance, or they personally own private health insurance. Travelers or foreign tourists that come to Indonesia, they got to have health insurance from their home country, if not they have to pay cash for medical treatment. At present, still, approximately 36.68% of the total population still not gets government health insurance. Statistics shows that Health insurance treatments in 2011 reached 64.32% of the total Indonesian population and the remaining percentage left behind i.e. 36.68% has not yet been covered by government public security.