Protection From Gas Leakage

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

Mohammed ZaidUlQamar

T.E E&TC

G.H. Raisoni

College Of Engineering and Management

Wagholi, Pune, India-412207

[email protected]

Rahul Kathuria

T.E E&TC

G.H. Raisoni

College Of Engineering and Management

Wagholi, Pune, India-412207

[email protected]

Abstract:

WHAT IT DOES..?

As the gas leaks from the LPG cylinder at home, this protection circuit mounted with gas detector sensor detects the gas leakage and automatically switches off the room lights. As switching the plug on and off causes spark which in turns can help gas to catch fire. Apart from switching off the lights, this protection circuit is equipped with a mechanical switch, which simultaneously closes the cylinder’s knob. It is also equipped with a LCD display and a Buzzer which tell us that gas has leaked. This system helps you to upgrade our safety standards and statutory requirements on environmental commitments and most important and basic function being prevented accidents and protect life and property from disaster. In the past, it has been a conventional practice to employ combustion apparatus such as a furnace, heater, stove or LPG kit in cars, which utilizes a combustible vapour or gas to produce heat energy when properly ignited. In the use of combustible apparatus in which a combustible gas such as natural or liquid propane gas is burned in heating boilers, domestic water heaters, ovens, fire can occur anytime without giving a particular warning. That is to say, the equipment is generally in operation for short periods of time after which is shut down again for a short period of time. The equipment has intermediate operation and the appliance is generally started and stopped at the signal of an automatic controller. The LPG Kit installed is many times installed inside the car creating possibilities of large accidents. A gas leak may occur thereby resulting in a large accumulation of combustible gas which can produce an explosion if the detection is not quickly noticed. Although some sophisticated detector means have been provided, it is contemplated that the indicator means should be simple and economical so that the entire system may be readily incorporated into mobile trailers, campers, boats and other vehicles or living quarters having appliances dependent upon storage of pressurized gas.

INSPIRATION:

Every year accident due to gas leaks claims thousands of life and a huge amount of financial loss takes place.

A system which can help us to avoid such a disaster should be thought of and brought to use.

Thus in this project we are attempting to develop such a system.

C:\Users\Rahul Kathuria\Desktop\oconomowoc_explosion.jpg

Nov 24, 2012 – A natural gas explosion in one of

New England's biggest cities destroyed two buildings

OBJECTIVES:

The primary object of the present project is to provide a noble means for safely detecting any malfunction of a pressurized gas system in orderto prevent accumulation of combustible gases so that damage or explosion due to such an accumulation of gases is prevented. Another object of the present invention is to provide a noble safety means for detecting the leakage of gas into the area of an appliance when the appliance is in a shutdown condition and not in operation. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a noble gas detection and monitoring system which is economical to manufacture and which may be readily installed in conventional trailers, boats or the like which are normally dependent upon a stored supply of pressurized gas. Typical installation areas being gas yards, gas banks with multi cylinders in manifold, user production departments / utility areas like kitchens. Ideal sensors are used to detect the presence of a dangerous LPG leak in your kitchen or in a service station, storage tank environment. This unit can be easily incorporated into an alarm unit, to sound an alarm or give a visual indication of the LPG concentration. The sensor has excellent sensitivity combined with a quick response time. The sensor can also sense iso-butane, propane, LNG and cigarette smoke.

APPLICATIONS:

1. Protection from any gas leakage in cars.

2. For safety from gas leakage in heating gas fired

appliances like boilers, domestic water heaters

3. For safety from gas leakage in Cooking gas fired

appliances like ovens, stoves etc

4. Large industries which uses gas as their production.

5. They are used in gas leakage detecting equipments in

family car and industry.

6. Suitable for detecting of LPG, iso-butane, propane,

LNG, avoid the noise of alcohol and cooking fumes

and cigarette smoke.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

MQ6 GAS

SENSOR

STEPPER MOTOR

DRIVER

BUZZER

ATmega16

MICROCONTROLLER

LIGHT SWITCH OFF

PROTECTION CIRCUIT

DISPLAY UNIT

In this circuit we used MQ-6 sensor for gas leakage detection. MQ-6 sensor composed by micro AL2O3 ceramic tube, Tin Dioxide (SnO2) sensitive layer,measuring electrode and heater are fixed into a crust made by plastic and stainless steel net. The heater provides necessary work conditions for work of sensitive components. The enveloped MQ-6 has 6 pin, 4 of them are used to fetch signals, and other 2 are used for providing heating current. Here MQ-6 sensor works on basics of combustion process, and output is given in variable voltage form, so, when LPG gas is leakage voltage at the output pin of MQ-6 is increased and we use IC2 (Op-amp LM324) as a comparator for compare the LPG leakage with respect to normal condition. Output of comparator is fed to IC1 microcontroller (ATmega16) and corresponding coding LCD is display gas leakage and provides another instruction to stepper motor via ULN2803 to turn 90Ëš turn off the regulator of gas tank

MQ-6 GAS SENSOR:

MQ-6 gas sensor composed by micro AL2O3 ceramic tube, Tin Dioxide (SnO2)sensitive layer, measuring electrode and heater are fixed into a crust made by plasticand stainless steel net. The heater provides necessary work conditions for work of sensitive components. The enveloped MQ-6 has 6 pin, 4 of them are used to fetchsignals, and other 2 are used for providing heating current.

DISPLAY UNIT: It is 16*2 LCD that shows the Tag ID number as instructed by the microcontroller.

MICROCONTROLLER DETAILS:

The microcontroller used here is a common 8 bit Atmel microcontroller ATmega16A. It is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontrollerwith16K Bytes of In-System Self-programmable Flash program memory and 512 Bytes EEPROM data memory. It has 32 programmable input output lines.

FEATURES:

• High-performance, Low-power AVR 8-Bit

Microcontroller

• Advance RISC Architecture

-131 Powerful instructions – Most Single-Clock Cycle

Execution

-32*8 General Purpose Working Register

-Fully Static operation

– Up to 16 MIPS Throughput at 16 MHz

– On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier

• High Endurance Non-volatile Memory segments

– 16K Bytes of In-System Self-programmable Flash

program memory

– 512 Bytes EEPROM

– 1K Byte Internal SRAM

– Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000

EEPROM

– Data retention: 20 years at 85°C/100 years at

25°C(1)

• Operating Voltages

– 2.7 - 5.5V for ATmega16L

– 4.5 - 5.5V for ATmega16

• Speed Grades

– 0 - 8 MHz for ATmega16L

– 0 - 16 MHz for ATmega16

• Power Consumption @ 1 MHz, 3V, and 25°C for

ATmega16L

– Active: 1.1 mA

– Idle Mode: 0.35 mA

– Power-down Mode: < 1 µA

FEATURES

1. High sensitivity LPG, iso-butane, propane

2. Small sensitivity to alcohol, smoke

3. Fast response

4. Wide detection range

5. Stable performance and long life

6. Simple drive circuit

ADVANTAGE

1. It is used in homes for LPG leakages

2. The sensor has excellent sensitivity combined with a

quick response time.

3.Maintenance cost is very less.

DISADVANTAGES

1. It works only when a 5V power supply is given.

2. Its sensitivity depends on Humidity and temperature.