The Evolution Of Management Approach In America

Published Date: 02 Nov 2017

1. Introduction

The purpose of this report is to analyse the changes to the nature of work in China and America. The 2nd section discusses the major changes in the management approaches in America for the last 30 years (from the 1890s to 2010s). The 3rd section provides a detail analysis in the areas of Leadership, organization structure and technology organization; and dsicussed the impact on the society, organisations and patterns of work

The 4th section examines the 3 aspects in 2nd country of China. The 5th section provides a comparative analysis between America and China (section). The last section predicts the potential changes in China, in the next 10 years.

2. The evolution of Management approach in America

(from 1960s to 2010s)

America in the early 60s, the main management appraoch is the scientifc management . The scientific management approach can be described as approach advocated the application of scientific methods to analyze work and determine how to complete production tasks efficiently.

* Management should develop a precise, scientific approach for each element of one’s work to replace general guidelines.

  * Management should scientifically select, train, teach, and develop each worker so that the right person has the right job.

  * Management should cooperate with workers to ensure that jobs match plans and principles.

  * Management should ensure an appropriate division of work and responsibility between managers and workers.

The reason for this approach is because America will the manufacturing based for the stands for Multinational Corporation, base on the newsapaper we know America expanded participation in the increasingly interdependent global economy has stimulated U.S business contacts withe the Third World, and expanding domestic markets in several rapidly growing deveoping economics has made foreign investment company quite attractive. American’s MNC’s and the local business environment in Taiwan.

The trench continue into the 1970s and there was shift towards the HR relation of management. This Approach aimed at understanding how psychological & social processes interact with the work situation to influence performance. which examined the effects of social relations, motivation and employee satisfaction on factory productivity. The movement viewed workers in terms of their psychology and fit with companies, rather than as interchangeable parts, and it resulted in the creation of the discipline of human resource management. America have many primarily used for Commercial/Office rental and sale, and some trade unio house is within reasonable distance to supermarket and commercial complex and shopping centre for retail shopping, banks and more.

In the early 2000s, the America moved towards a knowledge-based economy, is the use of knowledge technologies (such as knowledge engineering and knowledge management) to produce economic benefits as well as job creation. The concept that supports creation of knowledge by organizational employees and helps and encourages them to transfer and better utilize their knowledge that is in line with company/organization goals, basic on the knowledge technologies, we know America have many hi-tech products, the most famous is Apple, that company is about the knowledge hi-tech. Therefore we know in early 2000s, the America moved towads to the knowledge-based economy.

3. Situational Analysis of America

Nowadays, The United States has the world's most advanced technology, let’s make a exmaple, Apple company, the most iconic companies in U.S

3.1 Leadership

Leadership is about process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task, the Apple company, Steve Jobs is the CEO of Apple company one of the world’s most successful businessmen. He has IT industry with his creations like the MacBook air, the nano and the iPhone. As we know, Steve Jobs is one of the most successful CEO in the world, many people will ask why Steve Jobs so successful, i think is basic on his leadership style, the first we learn from him is presistance is the key, no doubt. And he was a presistance person, he never give up on his work and just continue to doing. Steve Jobs as a leader in Apple company, need to ready to face any setbacks, setbacks are a part of life and whether you become successful or not often depend on your ability not to give up, it is all the important ability to become a leader. AndInnovation brings leadership, Jobs saw the power of innovation in building his company. Till today, we can see the innovating power of Apple Computers Inc as it continues to take market leadership in the industry. and if you want leader your company become more successful, then you need to come out more new idea and innovation more high-tech products. And need to foucs on the company anytime. And apple developing on Iphone and Mp3 keep coming news products or system, it achieve a good objectives.

3.2 Organizational structure

An organizational structure consists of activities such as task allocation, coordination and supervision, which are directed towards the achievement of organizational aims, Apple company there are 10 Senior Vice Presidents: CFO, COO, Operations, Hardware Engineering, Software Engineering, IOS software, Worldwide Product Marketing, Industrial Design, Retail and General Counsel. we can see that chat then will know the organization structure in Apple company.OrgStructure.jpg

As we can see this organizational charts is very large and show all the important functions. The main areas of Apple’s management are, Marketing, to identify the customer’s needs and the products that satisfy them. Iphone software, managing the similar software is used in ipad the new Apple’s device. General Counsel, help to coordinate all the department in order to work perfectly and effectiviely. Industrial Design, is about the products design. Retail, the main tasks is maintain all the business channels to apple stores. Software Engineering, is responsible to all the products and system.

3.3 Technology and Organization

Apple company is the world’s second-largest information technology company, it has opened and developed an extensive patent portfolio around the touch-screen interface used in the iPhone and iPod Touch, In 2009, Apple company it won several patents that allow for simultaneous tracking of "multiple finger and palm contacts" which, according to the patent, should allow for "unprecedented integration of typing, resting, pointing, scrolling, 3D manipulation, and handwriting." This intellectual property gives Apple a competitive advantage in the development of devices such as the iPhone, iPod touch or even tablet PCs in the future. For example, recently, the Iphone5 appear and launch it is high-tech products, compare with the Iphone3G, Iphone4, Iphone4S, Iphone5 is more thinner, lighter design, new 4-inch Retina display,it’s not just bigger and just right. Fast wireless, download ability, and fast speeds. And carry A6 chip performace and graphic up to twice as fast. Isight camera and new IOS6 the world’s most advanced mobile operating system. Compare with those iphone4,4s, and iphone5 have all new design and retina display ultrafast wireless and carry A6 chip those thing is news and high-tech. And not just that iphone, and laptop also high-tech. Macbook air, is the new laptop, and most famous one, Macbook air, have lightweight notebook that’s anything but a lightweight got two size, 11-inch and 13-inch but both lightweight, basic on the lightweight you can easy to carry it and dont feel tired featuring OS Xsystem, intuitive, powerful, easy to use, it’s the world’s most advanced operating system. Thin and light, yet rock soild, a sturdy aluminum unibody design make Macbook air sleek, durable, and ready for anything, it’s loaded with great built-in apps, and can download anything in apple stores, it quite convenient. For those changes has affects people, social. Basic on the apple company, then will can provides many workers, To solve the unemployment problem, Can let the factory to make money, to solve the problem of unemployment. Also can form a system.

4. Situational Analysis of China

Lenovo the second largest PC company in the world, serving customers in more than 160 countries.

4.1 Leadership

Leadership is about process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task. Liu chuanzhi, led by 10 Chinese forward-looking understanding of computer science and technology personnel to the PC will change people's work and life. With RMB 200000 in start-up capital, and the research results into products strong determination to success, this 11 scientific research personnel in Beijing in a rented in the reception office of starting a business, the young company named "lenovo", basic on that notes we know Liu chuanzhi, one of the founders of Lenovo, Liuchuanzhi leadership style performance in the innovation, keep coming news products and have high quality. In the process of company development, lenovo's innovation, achieved many significant technological breakthroughs, including the successful development of operating system in English can be translated into Chinese predictive Chinese card, it can be developed in a key online personal computers, and in 2003, launched completely associated application technology innovation, to establish the important position in the 3 c era of lenovo. These are the technology leader in the PC products, lenovo reached the peak of China's IT industry, lenovo in eight successive years since 1997 occupy market share the first position in China. Since 1997, lenovo has been topped China's domestic market sales first, account for over thirty percent of China's PC market share. And the most important move is Lenovo in May 2005 to complete the acquisition of IBM's PC division, the internationalization of the most important step, the two companies have the same dream in lenovo's name together.

4.2 Organizational structure

An organizational structure consists of activities such as task allocation, coordination and supervision, which are directed towards the achievement of organizational aims, Lenovo Group announced a new organizational structure, set up two new business grow ups, a focus on the mature market customers, and the other focused on the emerging market customers. New structure to replace the companys existing geographic region, and the company aims to make the strategic direction and better match the market characteristics, and better customer service, these have one chart can show the lenovo organizational structure, as we can see that chart and lenovo have many departments and each departments have each responsibility, but the command still the CEO, each departments employees need to report to their department manager, and then the departments manager report to CEO. Basic situation is like that, Lenovo organizational structure situation.

未命名.jpg

4.3 Technology and Organization

In the past ten years, lenovo group has always been adhering to the "let users to use better" philosophy, has always been committed to the Chinese users with the latest best technology products, promote the development of China's information industry, For the future, as IT technology and services provider, lenovo will to a comprehensive customer-oriented principle, meet the families, individuals, small and medium-sized enterprises, big industry enterprise four types of customer needs, provide targeted information products and services, On August 27, 2002 by the association of independent research and development speed of 1.027 trillion per second of lenovo deep 1800 computer room, by the expert group, including six academicians, identification. In 2003, lenovo winning 863 program, national grid node, successfully developed the speed in the more than four trillion times per second "deep rose 6800" super computer, those notes is about the macro lenovo company technology and organization, now, we talk about the mirco ways, lenovo have three famous laptop, those laptop name are THINKPAD, IDEPAD, ESSENTIAL. Those model laptop is quite famous, and also have hi-tech inside it, for example, THINKPAD, we know THINKPAD is belong IBM and Lenovo, and that laptop have powered for productivity, and rock-solid reliability, and uncompromised security,and basic on the THNIKPAD still have many series, T-series performance and portability-our most popular Thinkpad, that series have thin-and-light wonder to the heavy-duty mobile workstation, have durability and speed.

5. Comparative analysis between China vs America

Comparative analysis between China and America, basic on three situation, economy, organization structure and technology and organization those three parts, for the comparative analysis, i make a example before, Apple company and Lenovo company. Personal computer maker Lenovo says its latest quarterly profit rose 59 percent over a year earlier on record sales. Lenovo said Wednesday its profit for the three months ending March 31 was $67 million. And apple only just $54 millon, compare with income, in 2012 first quarter Lenovo income better than Apple, because Lenovo company mainly produces desktop computers, servers, laptop computer, printer, PDA, motherboard, cell phone, etc. Products. Since 1996, lenovo computers sales volume has been in the domestic market first in China, that’s why Lenovo income better than Apple, that situation in China, In America, there still have many good laptop brand, such as Dell, Acer. Therefore, Apple income less than Lenovo, but in fact, Apple is the world's second-largest information technology company by revenue after Samsung Electronics, and the world's third-largest mobile phone maker after Samsung and Nokia. So we know Apple company not just have laptop also have iphone and it’s famous. Organization structure, basic on notes we know Apple have complete organization structure, and it is quite perfect, Lenovo also have complete organization structure, but after the compare, this two company organization structure is not similar, i think those different reason is different country have different culture, basic on different culture i think there social, and people is different, that’s why this two company organization structure is different. For the last part, technology and organization, basic on the notes and newspaper, we know Apple company better than Lenovo company, Apple have more innovation and more patents than Lenovo, as i think, if let me choose one of laptop between this two brand, i will choose Apple, and now i also use it, because Apple design more humanity, suit for people use, such as Macbook Air and Macbook pro, this two serise is most popular than other serise, Macbook Air is quite thin weight, very nice design for those business people use, Macbook pro now already carry new screen, it call Retina screen, those changes and design is hi-tech, show Apple company technology ability, compare to the Lenovo is more advanced and more hi-tech.

6. Predictive changes in China for the next 10 years

I think Lenovo need to preparing for this industry change for several years, can focous on Strategy, brand, business model, innovation those parts. First Lenovo need to work to further strengthen our brand and continue to attack in the consumer space and enhance our channel, brand and ecosystem as a first step, before expanding further into the PC+ space. In the strategy side, Lenovo need to focus on attract customers and protect customers interest, need to continue to guide our execution. And focusing on our leadership position and improving profitability, and need to maximize company advantages to expand our business and expand our services business. Also can changes in win in the PC+ Age, need to continue attract mobile space and expanding into smart TV. For the innovation, need to continuing investments in innovation on our core PC products, creating a better products to the customers, and Lenovo also can learn Apple idea, make our products Cloud Ready and Cloud Easy, for the brand, need to continue to invest in our campaign, increase awareness in our brand and drive growth worldwide, and leading to improved profitability, business model, Lenovo need to continue to invest in our end-to-end business model, and change to new organization structure, and need to have strong ability to carry out those changes, strong execution of our strategy has been the key to our growth, continue focus on controlling costs and expanding. And for the work, unemployment and leisure, Lenovo need to have more details system, to protects workers and monitor worker, give them leisure and one news worker system.

7. Summary

Basic on this report is to analyse the changes to the nature of work in China and America, i define and analysis the changes to the nature of work that have occurred in the past 50 years and predictive changes in China for the next 10 years, know about the evolution of management aprroach and know leadership and organization structure, culture, technology situation changes how important affect for a company. And those situation anlysis changes has affected people, social.