History: The Act Of God Defence

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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The Law of Tort is a developing and ever dynamic field and is a conception evolving through centuries. This field is used with principles under which tortuous liability can be demanded. Simultaneously, certain other principles are used, to oppose these claims for compensation. These counter claims, or defences are used to evict those innocent citizens from tortious liability who have been unfairly implicated with claims imposed on ...

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Professional Ethics: Compare And Contrast

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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Professionals carry a lot of moral responsibilities to those in the population in general, and to society. Professionals can act on informed decisions that the public cannot, because the public lacks the knowledge that the professional has. There are several ethical principles that dictate how a professional should act in a business setting. These ethical principles have many similarities but are ultimately very distinct. Teleology is a ...

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Ethical Implications Of Layoffs And Downsizing

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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The business world has been facing a tough and complex market environment in the recent years. As the economy swings down, majority of firms try find themselves is try to cut some costs and increase profit to survive in the market for long-period. One of the easiest ways to cut cost is through reducing staff and layoff jobs. The elimination of jobs will certainly reduce some expenses ...

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Abortion: An Ethical Issue

23 Mar 2015 16 May 2017

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Abortion means terminating pregnancy. Abortion is widespread now days all over the world. Abortion is the most controversial subject when it comes to ethical issue. Ethical issues in abortion involve a constant battle between freedom and life. As per the article given in website www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/abortion, there are two groups of people: Pro-choice and Pro-life. Pro-choice people are for freedom. They consider it unethical to take away a ...

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Platos' Allegory Of The Cave: Importance Today

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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Our society so values education that sociologists have recognized the problem of "over-education" (Hadjicostandi). Many people are spending years pursuing degrees which they simply do not need for the jobs they perform. It is therefore prudent for students to question whether pursuing a liberal education is really as important as our society believes. What is the point of a college education? Does it have any purpose beyond ...

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Comparison: Buddhism And Jainism

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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1) There are many similarities and many differences between Buddhism and Jainism. To begin, we will start by discussing the similarities in both. In Jainism and Buddhism rather than having a God or creator there is a teacher. Both religions do not accept the permanent power of God as the creator of the world. Buddha and the last of the 24 thirthankaras (mahavira) spread their experience of ...

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Camus: The Stranger And Existentialism

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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Existentialism is freedom and choice. It is impossible to define existentialism. We can witness some aspects of existentialism in The Stranger. Existentialists want to direct our attention to our individuality. They force us to think about the existence and nature of God, being a Christian, our values, and our death. Only mankind defines itself through the act of living. First you exist, and then the individual emerges ...

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The Power Of Words In Influencing Attitudes

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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To recognize how words have the power to create and affect attitudes, behavior, and perception one must first understand their own conscience and belief system. Words have meaning, but no power unless the perceived mental state of an individual gives power to the words spoken that have been heard. In another essay I authored in another class, which is most appropriate for this updated essay on the ...

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Merits And Demerits Of Utilitarianism

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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Over the history of philosophy, utilitarianism has been widely regarded as an influential and convincing approach to normative ethics. It would not be possible to dissect and thoroughly discuss the many varieties of utilitarian ethics instead I will attempt to discuss the theory in broader less distinctive terms, and in particular the views of prominent utilitarian theorists John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham. Utilitarianism is generally held ...

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Describing And Defining Conscience

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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According to the definition in Colliers encyclopaedia, conscience is the human beings direct or deliberate conviction of right or wrong in resistance to the humans strong impulses and desires, conscience is the force that makes one recognise what one ought to do and bids one to do it. The problem of conscience involves two questions; what is its nature and its origin, and what is its authority? ...

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Socrates's Theory of Forms

03 Oct 2016 15 May 2017

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Theory of Forms Introduction Knowledge about the world is developed by basing on the things we see, listen and perceive and the information about these things is dependent on the senses and our perception about them. The knowledge and the perception, about even the most common things in the world are dependent on the general concept that exists about them. The descriptions of the things are ...

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Influential Thinkers In Enlightenment

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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The most significant development in the 18th century was intellectual progress, known as the Enlightenment. It is a thought movement which gathered various conceptions of god, nature and human beings to a kind of world outlook. Many people approve it. The movement caused revolution changes in art, philosophy and politics. It also advocated reason, suspected church authorities and Feudalism. The ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers had a ...

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Defining And Evaluating Existentialism

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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Existentialism is a Humanism, to be human is defined by an existence (physical existence) that precedes its essence (true nature). As such, if existence is problematic, and it is towards the development of a full existentialist theory of what it is to be human that Sartre's work logically evolves. In relation to what will become Being and Nothingness, Sartre's early works can be seen as providing important ...

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The Ethical Issues Of Abortion

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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Mention the term ethics to a given group of people and it will be amazing the spurred debate on the same. It is a subject spurring debate not only among the scholars but also among the non-scholars within the society. One simply question creating problems is the actual definition or understanding of the term ethics and its relationship to the human actions and relations. With the universal ...

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Relationship Between Freedom And Authority

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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In this essay I will discuss the relationship between freedom and authority in Jean-Jacques Rousseau's essay The Social Contract, and John Stuart Mill's essay On Liberty. I will argue through my comparison of each philosopher that Mill's conception of liberty is the richer and more persuasive of the two. Rousseau's conception of freedom in The Social Contract is that people attain their freedom through a transformation from ...

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The Practical Use of Research

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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The term Research is an often misused term. Its usage in everyday language is very different from the strict scientific meaning. The Oxford Dictionary of Current English defines it as "the study of materials and sources in other to establish facts and reach new conclusions". The term Research is a multi-faceted concept that has attracted numerous views. It is both a process and an outcome. But no ...

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Conflict: Newton Vs Leibniz

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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Mathematicians everywhere contributed to the development of Calculus. However, the two most known founders of calculus are Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Nowadays, the credit is handed over to both men. Nevertheless, a controversy took place over which of them deserved the recognition. The controversy was both intense and widespread. Isaac Newton: Isaac Newton is known as one of the greatest scientists who have ever lived; ...

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Aristotle: The Three Kinds Of Friendship

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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In book VIII of Aristotle's The Nicomachean Ethics (1999; 1156a6 - 1156a30), the notion of 'The Three Kinds of Friendship' (Philia) is expressed. Holding that there are three basic kinds or species of friendship that bind us together expressing that in respect to each there exists a mutual and recognised love. Utility, pleasure, virtue and the good can attract and bind us together in an association of ...

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John Dalton And Atomic Theory

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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John Dalton was the originator of atomic theory, which theory provided scientists with new ways of seeing the physical world. Atomic weights and fixed ratios of atoms inside compounds provided researchers with the knowledge to explore chemical compositions of matter. Dalton's new information on atomic weights allowed a Russian chemist, Dmitry Mendeleyev, to create the periodic table of elements. This table provided the means for discovering new ...

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The Concept Of Time In Architecture

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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Time is a very important factor for the design process of a park. Time ειναι μια εννοια αφηρημενη, every person apprehends time differently. The issue of time always preoccupies the landscape architects, and regardless their intentions, their design will be surely affected by time, or from natural processes or from human interventions, a park has continuity, whereas in architecture time can be totally excluded. Time is located ...

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Euthyphro And Failure Of Definition

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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In the Euthyphro, Socrates and Euthyphro contemplate over what is piety. What makes something pious and what makes something impious, that's the question throughout the text, but it all comes down to the value of a definition. In the end it's uncertain whether piety is even defined and agreed by both sides. Socrates though develops criteria of a definition and ethical values on his own in the ...

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Life And Work Of Abu Ali Ibn Sina

23 Mar 2015 15 May 2017

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Ibn Sina, Abu Ali (Latin Avicenna) (980-1037), a scholar of encyclopedic, physician and philosopher. He was born near Bukhara in Afshane 16 August 980. The father of Ibn Sina, Bukhara officer, a native of Balkh, while the capital of Greco-Bactrian kingdom, gave his son a systematic education at home, awakened in him at an early age the desire for knowledge. Soon, Abu Ali has surpassed his teacher ...

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Rational Choice Theory: Death Penalty

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

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The death penalty has been debated over and over with no clear solution to whether it should be continued or be abolished. One thing is clear and to provide an argument for the death penalty can be made with the rational choice theory (RCT)/deterrence theory (DT). "In their model, Cornish and Clark (1986) understood that people are not "empty vessel" when they approach a situation in which ...

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Analysing The Concept Of Karma

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

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The Hindu and Buddhist religions both believe in karma. In the Hindu religion karma influences how you are born in your next life. You can be born in lower life forms such as an animal, plant, or insect. You could even be born into a lower caste system. It works the opposite way as well and can cause you to be reborn in a higher form even ...

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Analysis Of Traditional Utilitarianism

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

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Traditionally, utilitarianism principle holds that any action is ethically right if and only if the total outcomes of the same act are more than the outcomes produced by any other action an agent could have done in its place. According to utilitarianism only one action is right in the final analysis: the action whose net benefits are much more when compared to the ultimate benefits of other ...

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21st Century Situational Ethics

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

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Although the term "Situational Ethics" only seems to appear in Joseph Fletcher's book named Situation Ethics: The New Morality in 1966, partial and similar ideas of situational ethics have been in the mind of others earlier before. Such as will be Durant Drake that published The New Morality, Emil Brunner with his published work "Divine Imperative" as well as Reinhold Niebuhr with his Moral Man and Immoral ...

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Innocent Until Proven Guilty: An Evaluation

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

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This claim is very similar to that of Blackstones ratio, which simply states that "it is better that ten guilty persons escape, than that one innocent suffer When taken at face value, it simply means that no one should be punished for any alleged crime, unless it can be proven that they are guilty. This is so that justice can be done, where no innocent should suffer ...

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A Personal Reflection Of Developmental Life

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

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Numerous developmental theories exist today that attempt to explain cognitive and physical changes in the body as we grow older. Some are vague and finite, while others go into extreme detail. Some of the leading psychologists relative to these theories are Jean Piaget (Beilin, 1992) with his cognitive developmental theory, Erik Erikson (Gross, 1987), who developed his psychosocial developmental theory, and Lawrence Kohlberg (Guthrie, 1984), with his ...

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The Power Of Positive Thinking

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

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Discovering happiness is like discovering yourself. You do not find happiness, you create it. Happiness is a conscious choice. Self actualization is the method used to discover who you are, who you want to be, and what happiness is to you. Ultimately, attaining genuine happiness is the method of doing what brings you the most pleasure and contentment for the duration of your life. The texts The ...

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The Single World Order | An analysis

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

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Albert Schweitzer once said that "The first step in the evolution of ethics is a sense of solidarity with other human beings." How do we develop this sense of solidarity? All begins from your own self-awareness. Sometimes as humans, we feel that we have already fulfilled the requirements to be an "ethical person". We all have a pretty good idea what "are being ethical" means, based on ...

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Euthyphro's Definition Of Piety

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

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In Platos Euthyphro, the character Euthyphro attempts to define the pious as what all the gods love. In this essay, I will examine the basis on which Socrates rejects this definition. In order to do so, I will provide an outline of the dialogue for context. Furthermore, I will analyse what Socrates seems to require for a good definition. Finally, I will attempt to defend Euthyphro's definition. ...

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Careless Human Environmental Destruction

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

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For many reasons the human race could be called a blessing. Great advanced in technology, medicine and even the fact we are the most sophisticated species on the planet. Are we a gift to planet Earth, or far from it? With cast amounts of pollution and destruction of the planet, not to mention unthinkable acts of violence and hate that has been going on since the beginning ...

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The Life And Work Of Confucius

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

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Confucius (551 - 479 BCE), was a thinker, political figure, educator and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. Confucius was born at Shang-ping, in the country of Lu. His given name was Kong, but his disciples called him Kong-fu-tse, (i.e. Kong the Master, or Teacher.) His father passed away when he was only three years old. Confucius mother Yan-she raised him. During his younger years ...

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Peer Pressure Leads To Guilt And Destruction

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

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Macbeth, written by Shakespeare, is a tragedy that showed the consequences of Macbeth's guilt from the peer pressure of Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth questioned Macbeth's manliness several times throughout the story. Macbeth wanted to prove that he was a stronger person. Even though Macbeth proved his manliness, he regretted his decision. Macbeth's decision to kill Duncan was based off of peer pressure from Lady Macbeth. The character ...

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'To Be Is To Be Perceived'

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

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To be is to be perceived, esse est percipi. This empirical statement was made by the 17th century Irish philosopher Bishop Berkley. He was a foundationalist that aimed to restore the role of religion in philosophy and consequently eradicate scepticism. He was the first philosopher to coherently refute the Cartesian revolution. One generally assumes that empiricism and modern science go hand in hand. That anyone who aims ...

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The Relevance Of Legal Positivism

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

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I have chosen to critically examine The Contemporary Relevance of Legal Positivism by Professor Brian Z Tamanaha who has written on the topic of legal positivism, and this is a legal theory that greatly interests me. Though the title suggests otherwise, in his article Tamanaha argues a particular point that in its current state legal positivism fails to engage with "real world matters". [2] Tamanaha goes on to suggest ...

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The Ethics Of Photojournalism

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

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Is a photograph worth more than words? Do the visuals of a photograph have more impact than language? Can one photograph put over the same point across to all its onlookers? Does one single person have a right photograph something that may question moral standards? All these issues arise when considering the field of photojournalism, but do photographs that are published in the media have more impact ...

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The Benefits Of Marijuana Legalization

23 Mar 2015 12 May 2017

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The economic recession that began around January 2008 has taking its toll on several fronts. The recession has affected the U.S. labor markets as seen in the rapidly rising unemployment and underemployment issues. U.S. jobs have declined by over 5 million over the past 12 months and the unemployment rate has risen to over 9%. The recession has also caused a steep decline in state tax revenues. ...

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Humans Are Selfish By Nature. Discuss.

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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"Humans are selfish by nature" is a generalisation which is both refuted and supported by religions and moral codes around the world. However, from my experience as a learner, I believe that the validity of this statement is subjective, a matter of personal interpretation; as with many other ethical and moral issues in our lives. I have selected Christianity and Scientology to illustrate two major perspectives on ...

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Plato's View On The Souls

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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Platos ideas about the soul were revolutionary and extremely advanced for his time, as with most of Platos philosophies, yet on the other hand they appear to be both self-conflicting and flawed. In this essay I will proceed to justify this statement. Plato was a Greek philosopher with many views on life and existence. Plato's views on the mind body distinction have been the target of many ...

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The Moral Philosophy Of Virtue Ethics

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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Virtue Ethics is a moral philosophy commonly attributed to Plato and Aristotle. The meaning of the word "virtue" for both was that of excellence. Although there are differences in their individual schools of thought, their outlook on morality is more or less the same. Both these philosophers came upon their understanding of ethics and morality while attempting to answer some fundamental question. For Plato, the question was, ...

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What is the Most Credible Justification of Punishment?

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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What is the Most Credible Justification of Punishment? Punishment has been a part of the human society ever since the beginning of civilization. Throughout the history, wrong doings or wrong acts have simply stood out like sore thumbs, greatly affecting the very emotions of man. These wrongful acts, which have been later termed as crimes, are as noticeable as kind acts but the only difference is that ...

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The Inspiration Of Art In Architecture

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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The essay investigates the inspiration of art in architecture and the links and interchanges between them in the late sixties and early seventies with emphasis on the exchanges between conceptual art and architecture. The basic assumption of the essay is that the rigorous conceptualisation that characterised conceptual artist was transferred into some advanced architectural practices during the late sixties and early seventies. It also discusses about the ...

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Disagreement Aid The Pursuit Of Knowledge

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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Disagreement may aid the pursuit of knowledge in the natural and human sciences because disagreement fosters new research to justify rival theories. Openness to allow disagreeing points of view and theories to be presented is important because it challenges scientists and prompts them to justify their points of view through a genuine dialogue. In this essay I will focus on biology and economics then I will try ...

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The Four Ethical Paradigms

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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In Merchant's book she describes four ethical paradigms, these are the process that individuals view the environment from their viewpoints. Egocentric, Homocentric, Ecocentric, and Multicultural and Partnership Ethics are 4 different ways to look at the environment and how to use it. Each person takes their own ethical idea for their life in order to justify and improve their position in life. There are several qualities about ...

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Individual Freedom And Rights

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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"Is it most important to value one's own life, happiness and interest or to obey the higher authority of the state?" This statement raises the question of the individual's freedom and rights in comparison to the state's control over individual's life. In this paper I will be arguing against Socrates and Confucius view of placing the state ahead of the individual. This paper is constructed along my ...

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What The Socratic Method Is

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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First, we must understand what the Socratic Method is, and how it applies to the notion that the unexamined life is not worth living. The Socratic Method is a process of questioning in which Socrates would have an opponent state a thesis and would then deconstruct their argument through the use of questioning and critical thinking. Better ideas are found by identifying and eliminating those that lead ...

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Socrates Beliefs And Philosophical Statements

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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According to the Athenians, Socrates was an ugly man. One who walked through the city and humiliated authoritative figures in public places with many people around. Many would say that he "made the weaker argument stronger". Throughout Socrates' life, he was always looking for truth. Socrates went about his life following his ways, questioning people about their own beliefs, until he was brought to trial by a ...

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Samuel Clarkes Cosmological Argument

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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In this essay I will show that while Clarke makes a strong claim that our experience establishes the existence of chains of dependent beings, and that the chain must be (a) caused by an aprioi cause or be an aspect of an infinite continuation of contingent beings which begins with a necessary/independent being; the argument does not justify the possibility of an independent, contingent deity that caused ...

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Ethical Dilemmas Of Animal Testing

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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This report is based on the Literature Review about ethical dilemma that arises over the controversy of using Animals for Testing and Research Studies. We have tried to explain in brief about Animal Testing and discussed broadly with the Ethical Theories that support and argue about the Use of Animals. We have also tried to relate all the ethical dilemma with respect to P&G, who over the ...

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Defining And Analysing Personhood

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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Person hood has always been an ill-defined term. The gray area between animal and person being one targeted and argued over since its original conception. It all seemed to begin with a proposition by John Locke, which constitutes that the rules governing personhood are: "a thinking intelligent being, that has reason and reflection, and can consider itself as itself, the same thinking thing, in different times and ...

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The Impact Of Vatsu Shastra

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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Shelter is one of the basic needs for Human beings. People spend much of their time in their homes. Therefore comfort and environmental conditions are important aspects of a house. Vastu Shastra is the science of building and an art of balancing the structure with environment. Recently the ancient Vastu culture has gained a significant role in the planning and orientation of residential and commercial buildings in ...

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Do Androids Dream Of Electric Sheep?

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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Having seen written and filmed visions of the future, one would think that by now we would all be moving around on flying skateboards and in hovering cars and that we would have our breakfast served by helpful, patient and understanding robots, under the risk that these robots go berserk and start taking over the world. The people who imagined such a future should have given the ...

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Heterogeneous Space In Architecture

23 Mar 2015 11 May 2017

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In Space Reader: Heterogeneous Space in Architecture, Michael Hensel, Christopher Hight and Achim Menges discusses the possible approach of heterogeneous space in contemporary architecture through examining the role of space in Modern and Post-Modern architecture, To understand what constitutes heterogeneous space, let us examine each term. Most simply, 'heterogeneous' means something (an object or system) that consists of a diverse range of items or qualities, which can ...

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Ethical Issues In The Human Genome Project

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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The Human Genome Project was the largest international scientific research conducted in the field of Biology. This research project began in 1990 with a mission of discovering all the genes in human DNA and determining the sequences of chemical base pairs which make up the DNA of human. The Human Genome Project was coordinated by the Department of Energy and National Institute of Health, in the USA. ...

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Comparison Of Islamic And Christian Philosophers

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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According to the Encarta dictionaries, philosophy can be defined as the branch of knowledge that examines the basic concepts of thoughts and a set of beliefs or aims. Islamic philosophy is a style of philosophy that deals with the study of the framework of Islamic cultures, not necessarily religious issues, while Christian philosophy strictly deals with the theological doctrines of Christianity. However, as time went on there ...

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Debates On Mercy Killings

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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If a Wife kills her Husband because of the pain he is in from his medical problems. Do you think that she should be charged with manslaughter, homicide, or any other charge acquitted to death of another human being? I say she should. "Should euthanasia be legalized in our country?" This is indeed a question often discussed in community. In some countries like Holland, it's already allowed, ...

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Personal Identity And The Soul

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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The idea of personal identity is a concept we are consciously living but one we are never quite aware of. Our actions are determined by the anticipation of our future pleasures and future pains. This anticipation is shaped by instances in our past where a particular behavior or action on our part creates a result that we find desirable or undesirable. Our soul is that underlying thread ...

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The Soul As The Enduring Self

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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Furthermore, according to the passage, Stelios in Mars can feel and think exactly the same as real Stelios in the earth mean that Stelios's soul is still the same. He is able to know who he is, what he is doing and anything that related to him. Besides that, the Traditional view mentioned that wherever the mind is, the person is there because the person is the ...

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The Philosophies Within 'Macbeth'

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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The play Macbeth is a historically popular play, with many different themes such iambic pentameter, equivocation, prophetic fallacy, imagery and tones. The statement 'fair is foul, and foul is fair' will be discussed and analysed to see how it is reflected throughout the play. As well as Implicit and explicit meanings will be discussed about characters and objects, to see how they contrast with the statement. Then ...

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Ethical Theories Of Business

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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Ethical theory studies different philosophies or systems used to explain and make judgments regarding right/wrong/good/bad. It challenges to bring in clarity, substance, and precision of argument into the area of morality. They also dispute on how we should value humans in our actions. Ethical theories suggest justification for judgment regarding the morality or immorality of actions, and they provide a basis for claims about moral obligations. Ethical ...

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Locke: 'Of Identity And Diversity'

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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I will begin by analyzing John Locke's theory of personal identity. Locke describes personal identity in his chapter "Of Identity and Diversity", where he differentiates identity into different components until he creates a more general account of identity. Locke begins by explaining how "Each individual atom is the same at a time, and stays the same over time."1It is in his first few lines that Locke stresses ...

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Is Astrology A Pseudoscience?

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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In order to ascertain whether or not something is a pseudoscience or 'fake' science, one must first know what pseudoscience is. Here, I am going to illustrate the many different points which distinguished philosophers such as Michael Radner, Densie Radner and Paul Thagard have made on what is a pseudoscience to evaluate astrology, which is the study of how the heavenly bodies such as the planets and ...

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The Theory Of Parallelism

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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Mind and body is considered as a separate form of human. By giving an example for mind such as sad, euphoria, angry or happy, it is considered as mind. A mind can be explained as what we called "feeling". For our body, it can do things such as cycling, hiking, writing paperwork, and talking. We cannot see how large is our mind but we can see our ...

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Comparison Of Taoism V Socrates

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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Historically, Oriental and western philosophies developed in isolation from each other. The geographical and cultural distance between oriental and western civilization determined substantial differences between oriental and western philosophies. On the other hand, works of ancient Greek philosophers, such as Socrates, and some oriental philosophies, such as Taoism, do have some common ideas and concepts, although, regardless of some similarities, differences between oriental and western philosophies are ...

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Distinctions Between Whats True, Whats False

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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The statement "There are no absolute distinctions between what is true and what is false" is both correct and incorrect when examining certain areas of knowledge and ways of knowing. To evaluate the statement's accuracy we must understand the meaning of the words 'true', 'false' and 'absolute'. In my opinion something that has been proven as correct or real is 'true'. On the other hand, something which ...

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The Soul Can Not Be Replaced

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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Yes, he is the same person in the earth. I would say that Stelios has same soul even his body was replaced by clone. Some philosophers to conclude that what makes a person remain the same person over time is not the body. Instead, there is something "in "the body-as immaterial "soul" or "mind"-that remains the same even as the body changes. Because a person is a ...

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The Greatest Happiness Principle

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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John Stuart Mill a born utilitarian, dedicated all his life explaining the teachings of his father, James Mill and Jeremy Bentham. He studied Greek, Arithmetic, Latin, Logic, Philosophy and Economic theory from a legal official to a writer and philosopher to a parliamentarian; he enjoyed a position of an original thinker. His major work includes, 'system of logic',' Principles of political economy', 'Essays of liberty', and 'Consideration ...

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Theories Of Personality: Albert Einstein

23 Mar 2015 10 May 2017

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This paper will discuss about the life of Albert Einstein and how the different theories of the personality are applied on his life. Like the theory of Maslow in which he describes the five needs of the human beings and the big five model. Certainly, he was mentally a very strong person that was against the military rule and dictatorship of German government. Finally, he would not ...

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The Law Of Attraction

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

4 (1,258 )

Ever since human beings evolved, only the strongest, fittest, and wisest survive. But now, with the discovery and development of medicine and the study of the structure of the human body, all humans can live healthy lives. However, there are many things that are yet to be discovered and people seek to find that knowledge and understand more about how things work. Day by day the curiosity ...

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Basic empirical beliefs and its importances

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

4 (1,390 )

A basic belief for most people is the idea that we believe in something which has not been corrupted by other beliefs to change the core belief we initially have about certain things. They are not inferred from other beliefs and is known better as Foundationalism. From this is the idea of a basic empirical belief, a belief that is learned by observing it using our empirical ...

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Issues Of Premarital Sex And Promiscuity

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

9 (3,552 )

This essay will discuss the issues of premarital sex and promiscuity of both Elliston's and Punzo's theories. Premarital sex (Punzo's definition) means two persons engaging in sexual intercourse without full commitment while promiscuity (Elliston's explanation) is characterized as to have sex with various people without commitment. In the comparison of both philosophers, Punzo is considered the conservative theorist while Elliston is supporting casual sex with a variety ...

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Aristotles Friendship Nicomachean Ethics

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

6 (2,171 )

Aristotle addresses the topic of friendship in Book 8 and 9 of his Nicomachean Ethics. Aristotle makes the argument that friends can be regarded as second selves. Aristotle says that just as virtuous behavior improves an individual, friends have the potential to generate improvements upon each other's lives. The main gist of Aristotle's argument is on the relationship between friendship and justice (102). He asserts that if ...

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Cultures: The Case Of Genital Mutilation

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

8 (3,193 )

This article explained the reasoning and differing views on female genital mutilation. The article describes in detail the three types of female genital mutilation, or FGM. The first is called clitoridectomy, in which part of the clitoris or the whole clitoris is removed. The bleeding caused by this procedure is usually stopped by either applying direct pressure or stitching the wound. The second type of genital cutting ...

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Aristotle's Doctrine Of The Four Causes

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

5 (1,938 )

Aristotles four causes theory uphold that all the causes can be grouped into varies divisions. The 4 causes are based on general laws, and these causes are associated with the question of why a thing is. To answer such question is to give a cause. Any artifact can be broken down to these four causes. There is the Material Cause, Formal Cause, Efficient Cause and the Final ...

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Ethnomethodology In Sociological Analysis

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

11 (4,062 )

Ethnomethodology is the study of the ways in which ordinary people construct a stable social world through everyday utterances and actions - is now a major component of all sociology and linguistics courses. The tag was invented by Harold Garfinkel, the American sociologist, who put down the basics of ethnomethodology as a hypothesis, and as an awkward assessment of all conservative sociology. Elucidating on the genesis of ...

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Science And Its Limitations

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

8 (2,929 )

Nowadays every person in the world knows and understands the tremendous progress that science has done and still is doing for our life. This essay is about the limitations of science as science does not provide answer to most of the questions this seems to be that science is limited. This essay is also about when science is beyond the limits then it provides danger and threat ...

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The Difference Between Truth And Belief

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

5 (1,690 )

The word truth can have a variety of meanings, from honesty and faith to a verified fact in particular.[1] The term has no single definition about which a majority of professional philosophers and scholars agree, and various theories of truth continue to be debated. There are differing claims on the roles that revealed and acquired knowledge play; and whether truth is subjective, objective, or absolute. Though truth ...

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Abolition Of Death Penalty In India

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

8 (3,075 )

Mahatma Gandhi, who preached non-violence and through the same was successful in attaining independence for colonial India, said the above lines. Eye for an eye refers to vengeance which contrasts the Gandhian ideology of non-violence.In contrast, India has decided to retain the most brutal form of punishment death penalty, which has been abolished by 131 other countries. Tracing the history of abolition of death penalty in India, ...

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Unethical Marketing Research Practices

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

9 (3,367 )

Practices in relation to proposals constitute a breach of professionalism, courtesy and ethics, research managers should understand that, Examples of common faults: Added consulting services prior to winning the assignment, expecting the research company to provide value Developing research instruments and special exercises and providing customized local market information. These may include project design, However, it is wrong to make this an expectation., the research company may ...

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Utilitarian And Deontological Ethical Theories

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

11 (4,145 )

Thesis: Despite both utilitarian ethical theory and deontological ethical theory can be applied usefully to the issue of stem cell research. I shall argue that utilitarian ethical theory is preferable, because it is most consistent with the considered moral judgments and can give most reasonable answers to the issue. Abstract The paper deals with the area of philosophical inquiry and discussion referred to as "ethics" or "moral ...

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Moral Decisions In Daily Life

23 Mar 2015 09 May 2017

4 (1,210 )

Moral decision making is something every human does on a daily basis, modifying their behavior to obey standards of society which are based upon a shared system of values. In its most simplistic form, moral decision making is done with ethical motives in mind, concerned with the distinction between right and wrong by each individual. Moral decision making models and theories provide specific guides and rules to ...

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Research approach and strategy

23 Mar 2015 08 May 2017

4 (1,371 )

Chapter 3: Research Methodology 3.1. Introduction: The purpose of this chapter is to present the research philosophy, approach and strategy that are used in this project. The choice of research design and data collection methods is justified by indicating their advantages and limitations compared with other available methods. 3.2. Research philosophy: This study reflects the principles of the positivist philosophy. This paradigm is concerned with testing theories ...

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Relativism And Realism Debates

23 Mar 2015 08 May 2017

8 (2,835 )

Should psychology pursue the path of realism or relativism? Critically discuss the implications of the relativism - realism debate for psychology. In the field of psychology, there is a debate amongst psychologists about which scientific approach to take when it comes to studying psychology. Whilst some psychologists prefer the realism approach, other psychologists prefer a different approach, relativism. The debate argues over which approach is the best ...

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A Moral Theory Of The Consequentialist Ethic

23 Mar 2015 08 May 2017

6 (2,394 )

The consequentialist ethic is a moral theory. This theory is based on the idea, that the moral value of an action is based upon consequences. Decisions to act are taken according to the consequences, that favour most either one individual or one group. The main objective is the maximisation of happiness. Therefore, moral ethics is based on the obtaining of good results. The consequentialist ethic is based ...

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Ethical Egoism And Psychological Egoism

23 Mar 2015 08 May 2017

4 (1,259 )

In Plato's Republic and in Rachels' Egoism and Moral Skepticism, both authors address two important facets of human morality: epistemologically objective. Ethical egoism is a normative claim, which states that moral beings ought to do what is in their best interests. Psychological egoism, on the other hand, is a descriptive claim that all moral beings can only act in their own self-interests, even when appearing to act ...

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The God And The Evil Demon

23 Mar 2015 08 May 2017

2 (744 )

In the Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes sets out to build his foundation of knowledge. To discover true knowledge, Descartes uses the Method of Doubt which states that he must "reject whatever is open to the slightest doubt"(p.138)1. In doing so, Descartes invokes the existence of an Evil Demon who is described to be "supremely powerful and cunning, and works as hard as he can to deceive ...

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How Do We Measure Success In Society?

23 Mar 2015 08 May 2017

5 (1,641 )

Successful individual is found in many places now days. Many people say that they are a successful person. For them they are successful with their life and they make people see them being successful also, this makes others call them a successful individual. Someone who has no ambition or any goals can neither be said success nor failure. Life is not a contest therefore there is nothing ...

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International Human Rights Norms

23 Mar 2015 08 May 2017

9 (3,429 )

We live in a constantly changing and evolving world. The remarkable advances in the biotechnology, telecommunications and transportation in addition to the emergence of new regional political alliances and the increasing integration of the markets have led to unprecedented demographic shifts. As a result of all this factors, which we can be defined as globalisation, previously isolated peoples were being brought together either voluntarily or involuntarily. This ...

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Immoral behaviour: Punishable Under Law?

23 Mar 2015 08 May 2017

5 (1,986 )

In this essay I will look at behaviours and acts that are considered immoral by the general population and whether they are liable to be punished by the law. It will focus on moral principles and its affects and views on society. I will focus on key immoral behaviours and actions that are legalised or criminalised differently to the UK and see whether certain legislations have help ...

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Should We Establish A Market For Human Organs?

23 Mar 2015 08 May 2017

8 (3,189 )

There are a number of arguments with regards to organ commodification, which is the subject of hot debate. I will purposefully be limiting the scope of the argument to kidneys, as kidneys are paired organs that can be safely removed with minimal impact to the health of the donor. Although this topic is heavily related to philosophical and ethical issues, I would first like to discuss certain ...

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Assessing The Homestay Program In Malaysia

23 Mar 2015 08 May 2017

13 (5,189 )

Homestay is not a new phenomenon in Malaysia. Homestay has been discovered in early 1970 where a local lady called Mak long who took guests and provide them with food and accommodation within her humble kampong house (Amran,1997). Homestay is a program where tourists stay among local families and experience their actual lifestyle first-hand-how they prepare and eat their meals, go about their work, their leisure activities ...

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The Challenge Of Human Cloning: Pros And Cons

23 Mar 2015 08 May 2017

5 (1,953 )

Nowadays, due to cloning disobeys human being's moral value, it has become a thorny issue even though it can benefit human beings and our society in lots of areas. Specifically, it is generally thought that it is immoral and unethical to clone human beings for various reasons, but the morality of human cloning cannot be reached yet since it is still a new technology. Additionally, attitudes toward ...

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Kantian and existentialist conceptions of freedom

23 Mar 2015 05 May 2017

3 (1,025 )

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), best known for his work Critique of Pure Reason, was an instrumental philosopher in his contributions to moral philosophy. A devout Catholic, he firmly believed in the existence of God. Existentialists like Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980), however, countered Kantian philosophy in their stance on the meaninglessness of existence. For existentialists, life had no greater purpose as humans lived in an infinite universe unconcerned with human ...

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Brave New World Compared To Utilitarianism

23 Mar 2015 05 May 2017

3 (1,043 )

The story Brave New World presents us to the future world A.F (after Ford) where the government institutionalizes the advantages of technology to the fullest. The reader is informed that human beings are no longer produced naturally anymore. In A.F, technology is used to generate identical boys and girls and place in to classes where they are programmed to be the most efficient at what they do. ...

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The Duty Versus Charity

23 Mar 2015 05 May 2017

6 (2,078 )

In The Drowning Child and the Expanding Circle and Famine, Affluence, and Morality, Peter Singer argued that people in affluent countries have the duty to help people in need in countries suffering from famine and other disasters. Perhaps the strongest argument that he gives for this claim relies on the claim that donation to developing countries is good to do and wrong not to do. Since moral ...

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A Review Of Groundhog Day

23 Mar 2015 05 May 2017

11 (4,370 )

Groundhog Day is one of those rare films that has been entirely embraced as a cultural artifact by Western society. Roger Ebert says; "... there are a few films, and this is one of them, that burrow into our memories and become reference points. When you find yourself needing the phrase 'this is like Groundhog Day' to explain how you feel, a movie has accomplished something." As ...

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Relationship Between Law And Ethics In Islam

23 Mar 2015 05 May 2017

4 (1,427 )

I would like to start my analysis by posing a few questions about this relationship to stimulate our thoughts. Are law and ethics identical or non-identical in Islam? Are ethics derived from law or is this relationship vice versa? Are they both derived from the same sources? If yes, then are they separate or do they supplement each other? What I found after my analysis is that ...

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The Other And The Intersubjective

23 Mar 2015 05 May 2017

4 (1,556 )

In the following write up, my attempt is to explicate the understanding of the 'other' and 'intersubjectivity' vis-à-vis the way people interact with each other. It appears that there are two ways of interactions the 'subject-object' interaction and the 'subject-subject' interaction. The subject-object' interaction can perhaps be understood through the method of the positivist, the scientist, the behaviorist, and those of the ilk who divide the universe ...

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The Life And Work Of Euclid

23 Mar 2015 05 May 2017

8 (2,826 )

While studying geometry with Euclid a youth inquired after having learned the first proposition, "What do I get by learning these things?" Euclid called a slave to them and said, "Give him threepence, since he must make a gain out of what he learns." [8] Euclid, a Greek mathematician and teacher, changed the course of the world. Euclid's work not only affected the work of other prominent ...

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